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HUMAN FACTORS Flashcards

1
Q

a label given to an action that has negative
consequences or fails to achieve the desired outcome

A

Human error

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2
Q

the leading cause of both commercial airline
crashes and general aircraft accidents

A

Human error

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3
Q

More than _____ of all general aviation accidents are attributed to human error

A

88%

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4
Q

technical discipline aimed at optimizing human performance

A

Human Factors

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5
Q

Non-physical aspects of systems

A

Software

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6
Q

Example of Software (SHELL)

A
  • Document design & layout
    • Symbology and computer programs
      *Procedures
      *Training manuals
    • content and design
  • Rules and regulations
    • company and authority
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7
Q

Examples of Hardware (SHELL)

A

*Hangars and Office Spaces
*Tools
*Ergonomics
-Tool design & operability
-Instrument interpretation
-Work space
-GSE design

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8
Q

Examples of Environment (SHELL)

A
  • Extremes of temperature affects thought processes
  • Excess noise and vibration affects concentration
  • Shift work causes fatigue making error prone
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9
Q

Variations in Performance & limitations

A

Liveware - Individuals

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10
Q

Examples of Liveware - Individuals

A
  • Physical size & shape
  • Physical needs (sustenance, sleep etc.)
  • Input / Output Characteristics
  • Information Processing
  • Environmental tolerances (temp, pressure, humidity, enclosed space, stress & boredom)
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11
Q

Examples of Liveware – In Social Situations (SHELL)

A
  • Leadership, co-operation, teamwork, personality interactions
  • Staff/management relation
  • Corporate culture
  • Domestic Pressure
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12
Q

Maintenance system failures, due to errors and/or violations, can affect safety of flight in two different ways:

A
  1. Primary Cause
  2. Contributing Factor
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13
Q

Accident is due to the maintenance/inspection failure.

A

Primary Cause of an accident

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14
Q

Accident is not in any way due to flight
crew action.

A

Primary Cause of an accident

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15
Q

Accident chain begins with a
maintenance/inspection failure that is incorrectly handled by the flight
crew, ultimately ending up as an accident

A

Contributing Factor to an accident

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16
Q

Example of Accident Where Maintenance Is the Primary Cause

A

Kahului, Hawaii, U.S.A.1988 Upper fuselage separation 737-200

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17
Q

Example of Accident Where Maintenance Is a
Contributing Factor

A

Lima, Peru1996 Tape left on static ports 757-200

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18
Q

Murphy’s Law

A

“Anything that can go wrong will go wrong”

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19
Q

HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

A

VISION
HEARING
INFORMATION PROCESSING
PHOBIAS
FITNESS AND HEALTH

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20
Q

Perception of brightness, color, space, form and movement

A

Vision / eyes

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21
Q

WHAT COULD CAUSE IMPAIRMENT TO SIGHT?

A
  • Substances
  • Environmental Factors
  • Medical Factors
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22
Q

Common Medical Eye Conditions

A

myopia
hyperopia
astigmatism
presbyopia

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23
Q

Near-sightedness

A

Myopia

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24
Q

Farsightedness

A

Hyperopia

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25
distorted vision at all distances
astigmatism
26
loss of the ability to focus up close, inability to read letters of the phone book, need to hold newspaper farther away to see clearly, occurs between age 40–50 years
presbyopia
27
is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color
Colorblindness
28
No red receptors
Protanopia
29
No green receptors
Deuteranupia
30
No blue receptors
Tritanopia
31
provide hearing, balance
Hearing/ ears
32
HOW WE PROCESS INFORMATION TO GIVE THE RIGHT FEEDBACK
INFORMATION PROCESSING
33
REFERS TO OVERALL CONDITION OF OUR BODY AND MIND
FITNESS / HEALTH
34
compulsive feeling of terror of particular situations or things.
Phobias
35
Usual phobias that can affect someone working in the aviation industry:
1. Claustrophobia 2. Acrophobia
36
These factors are the direct work environment, organization or company culture, regulations inside and outside the company and the economic and political environment of society at large
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
37
A process within a person that causes the person to move toward a goal
MOTIVATION
38
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Self Realisation 2. Respect 3. Affiliation 4. Safety 5. Physiological Needs
39
Motivation is determined both by:
1. intrinsic or extrinsic reward 2. belief
40
2 Types of Motivation
1. Intrinsic 2. Extrinsic
41
We move toward a goal because of rewards that are internal to ourselves (e.g., feelings of satisfaction or accomplishment).
Intrinsic
42
We move toward a goal because of rewards that are external to ourselves (e.g., praise, a good grade on a test, or money).
Extrinsic
43
Performance is determined by both..?
Skill and Motivation
44
REFERS TO INFLUENCE FROM MEMBERS OF ONE’S PEER GROUP / PRESSURE FROM COLLEAGUES
PEER PRESSURE
45
a team consists of people working towards a common goal
Teamwork–
46
How to maintain a team:
Communication Cooperation Coordination Mutual Support
47
lays down company policy and makes business decisions
MANAGEMENT
48
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN PERFORMANCE
* Fitness/Health * Stress * Alcohol, Medication, Drug abuse * Sleep, Fatigue and Shift Work * Workload
49
a physiological reaction to physical and psychological factors (stressors) in our environment
STRESS
50
Physical Stressors
* Illness - Acute, Chronic * Fatigue - Shift work, high work load * Environment - Temperature, Vibration, Noise, Fumes
51
Psychological Stressors
*Unpredictability *Uncertainty *Uncontrollability *Bereavement/tragedy *Daily annoyances - Time pressure, Peer pressure, Management pressure *Chronic stressors - Home environment, Work place pressures
52
The task itself – the physical and mental demands which are made
WORKLOAD
53
The greatest risk of underload
attention deteriorates, declining motivation
54
A feeling of lack of energy, weariness or tiredness
FATIGUE
55
a normal response to physical exertion, emotional stress, and lack of sleep
FATIGUE
56
Vigilantly attentive and watchful; mentally responsive and perceptive.
Alertness
57
Effects of Fatigue
Overall performance gets worse Loss of motivation Slowed reactions Forgetful Poor cognitive functioning Loss of creativity Withdrawal from social situations Mood changes Increase alcohol use Long term health can degrade Quality of life degrades
58
Associated with temporary loss of sleep or temporary exhaustion from brief periods
Acute Fatigue
59
More serious than acute fatigue.
Chronic Fatigue
60
How to avoid fatigue
Get approx. 8 hours of sleep / night Standard sleep routine Exercise No caffeine and alcohol before sleep Balanced diet Sufficient water intake Enough Sleep before the shift
61
has a calming effect on the central nervous system, but it dulls the senses and reduce human performance
Alcohol
62
can have side effects which can cause human error
Medication
63
strictly prohibited and may cause termination
Use of illegal drugs
64
can distract,, Disturb communication, can cause stress
NOISE
65
can be categorized as unpleasant and hazardous to health
FUMES
66
best for recognizing colors
Natural light
67
has a rating of good illumination
Incandescent light
68
has a rating of average illumination
Fluorescent Light
69
has a poor rating illumination
Mercury vapor lamps
70
critical component of safe and efficient maintenance work
Communication
71
one of the major causes of events in aviation maintenance.
Communication issues
72
3 Cs of communication
Clear Correct Complete
73
Used by Professor James Reason to explain safety
Swiss Cheese Model
74
represents the gaps in the safety system
The holes
75
represents the preventive or correction actions that prevents the danger arrow from penetrating the pile of cheese
The solid portion
76
source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these
HAZARD
77
The ability to maintain awareness of what is happening on the ramp or the hangar, as well as what is happening on the task
SITUATION AWARENESS

PHP Aerospace (3 decks)

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