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PHP Aerospace > HUMAN FACTORS > Flashcards

HUMAN FACTORS Flashcards

1
Q

a label given to an action that has negative
consequences or fails to achieve the desired outcome

A

Human error

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2
Q

the leading cause of both commercial airline
crashes and general aircraft accidents

A

Human error

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3
Q

More than _____ of all general aviation accidents are attributed to human error

A

88%

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4
Q

technical discipline aimed at optimizing human performance

A

Human Factors

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5
Q

Non-physical aspects of systems

A

Software

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6
Q

Example of Software (SHELL)

A
  • Document design & layout
    • Symbology and computer programs
      *Procedures
      *Training manuals
    • content and design
  • Rules and regulations
    • company and authority
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7
Q

Examples of Hardware (SHELL)

A

*Hangars and Office Spaces
*Tools
*Ergonomics
-Tool design & operability
-Instrument interpretation
-Work space
-GSE design

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8
Q

Examples of Environment (SHELL)

A
  • Extremes of temperature affects thought processes
  • Excess noise and vibration affects concentration
  • Shift work causes fatigue making error prone
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9
Q

Variations in Performance & limitations

A

Liveware - Individuals

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10
Q

Examples of Liveware - Individuals

A
  • Physical size & shape
  • Physical needs (sustenance, sleep etc.)
  • Input / Output Characteristics
  • Information Processing
  • Environmental tolerances (temp, pressure, humidity, enclosed space, stress & boredom)
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11
Q

Examples of Liveware – In Social Situations (SHELL)

A
  • Leadership, co-operation, teamwork, personality interactions
  • Staff/management relation
  • Corporate culture
  • Domestic Pressure
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12
Q

Maintenance system failures, due to errors and/or violations, can affect safety of flight in two different ways:

A
  1. Primary Cause
  2. Contributing Factor
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13
Q

Accident is due to the maintenance/inspection failure.

A

Primary Cause of an accident

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14
Q

Accident is not in any way due to flight
crew action.

A

Primary Cause of an accident

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15
Q

Accident chain begins with a
maintenance/inspection failure that is incorrectly handled by the flight
crew, ultimately ending up as an accident

A

Contributing Factor to an accident

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16
Q

Example of Accident Where Maintenance Is the Primary Cause

A

Kahului, Hawaii, U.S.A.1988 Upper fuselage separation 737-200

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17
Q

Example of Accident Where Maintenance Is a
Contributing Factor

A

Lima, Peru1996 Tape left on static ports 757-200

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18
Q

Murphy’s Law

A

“Anything that can go wrong will go wrong”

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19
Q

HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

A

VISION
HEARING
INFORMATION PROCESSING
PHOBIAS
FITNESS AND HEALTH

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20
Q

Perception of brightness, color, space, form and movement

A

Vision / eyes

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21
Q

WHAT COULD CAUSE IMPAIRMENT TO SIGHT?

A
  • Substances
  • Environmental Factors
  • Medical Factors
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22
Q

Common Medical Eye Conditions

A

myopia
hyperopia
astigmatism
presbyopia

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23
Q

Near-sightedness

A

Myopia

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24
Q

Farsightedness

A

Hyperopia

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25
Q

distorted vision at all distances

A

astigmatism

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26
Q

loss of the ability to focus up close, inability to read letters of the phone book, need to hold newspaper farther away to see clearly, occurs between age 40–50 years

A

presbyopia

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27
Q

is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color

A

Colorblindness

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28
Q

No red receptors

A

Protanopia

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29
Q

No green receptors

A

Deuteranupia

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30
Q

No blue receptors

A

Tritanopia

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31
Q

provide hearing, balance

A

Hearing/ ears

32
Q

HOW WE PROCESS INFORMATION TO GIVE THE RIGHT FEEDBACK

A

INFORMATION PROCESSING

33
Q

REFERS TO OVERALL CONDITION OF
OUR BODY AND MIND

A

FITNESS / HEALTH

34
Q

compulsive feeling of terror of particular situations or things.

A

Phobias

35
Q

Usual phobias that can affect someone working in the aviation industry:

A
  1. Claustrophobia
  2. Acrophobia
36
Q

These factors are the direct work environment, organization or company culture, regulations inside and outside the company and the economic and political environment of society at large

A

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

37
Q

A process within a person that causes the person to move toward a goal

A

MOTIVATION

38
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Self Realisation
  2. Respect
  3. Affiliation
  4. Safety
  5. Physiological Needs
39
Q

Motivation is determined both by:

A
  1. intrinsic or extrinsic reward
  2. belief
40
Q

2 Types of Motivation

A
  1. Intrinsic
  2. Extrinsic
41
Q

We move toward a goal because of rewards that are internal to ourselves (e.g., feelings of satisfaction or accomplishment).

A

Intrinsic

42
Q

We move toward a goal because of rewards that are external to ourselves (e.g., praise, a good grade on a test, or money).

A

Extrinsic

43
Q

Performance is determined by both..?

A

Skill and Motivation

44
Q

REFERS TO INFLUENCE FROM MEMBERS OF
ONE’S PEER GROUP / PRESSURE FROM COLLEAGUES

A

PEER PRESSURE

45
Q

a team consists of people working towards a common goal

A

Teamwork–

46
Q

How to maintain a team:

A

Communication
Cooperation
Coordination
Mutual Support

47
Q

lays down company policy and makes business
decisions

A

MANAGEMENT

48
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN PERFORMANCE

A
  • Fitness/Health
  • Stress
  • Alcohol, Medication, Drug abuse
  • Sleep, Fatigue and Shift Work
  • Workload
49
Q

a physiological reaction to physical and psychological factors (stressors) in our environment

A

STRESS

50
Q

Physical Stressors

A
  • Illness
    • Acute, Chronic
  • Fatigue
    • Shift work, high work load
  • Environment
    • Temperature, Vibration, Noise, Fumes
51
Q

Psychological Stressors

A

*Unpredictability
*Uncertainty
*Uncontrollability
*Bereavement/tragedy
*Daily annoyances
- Time pressure, Peer pressure, Management pressure
*Chronic stressors
- Home environment, Work place pressures

52
Q

The task itself – the physical and mental demands which are made

A

WORKLOAD

53
Q

The greatest risk of underload

A

attention deteriorates, declining motivation

54
Q

A feeling of lack of energy, weariness or tiredness

A

FATIGUE

55
Q

a normal response to physical exertion, emotional stress, and
lack of sleep

A

FATIGUE

56
Q

Vigilantly attentive and watchful; mentally
responsive and perceptive.

A

Alertness

57
Q

Effects of Fatigue

A

Overall performance gets worse
Loss of motivation
Slowed reactions
Forgetful
Poor cognitive functioning
Loss of creativity
Withdrawal from social situations
Mood changes
Increase alcohol use
Long term health can degrade
Quality of life degrades

58
Q

Associated with temporary loss of sleep or temporary exhaustion from brief periods

A

Acute Fatigue

59
Q

More serious than acute fatigue.

A

Chronic Fatigue

60
Q

How to avoid fatigue

A

Get approx. 8 hours of sleep / night
Standard sleep routine
Exercise
No caffeine and alcohol before sleep
Balanced diet
Sufficient water intake
Enough Sleep before the shift

61
Q

has a calming effect on the central nervous system, but it dulls the senses and reduce human performance

A

Alcohol

62
Q

can have side effects which can cause human error

A

Medication

63
Q

strictly prohibited and may cause termination

A

Use of illegal drugs

64
Q

can distract,, Disturb communication, can cause stress

A

NOISE

65
Q

can be categorized as unpleasant and hazardous to health

A

FUMES

66
Q

best for recognizing colors

A

Natural light

67
Q

has a rating of good illumination

A

Incandescent light

68
Q

has a rating of average illumination

A

Fluorescent Light

69
Q

has a poor rating illumination

A

Mercury vapor lamps

70
Q

critical component of safe and efficient
maintenance work

A

Communication

71
Q

one of the major causes of events in aviation maintenance.

A

Communication issues

72
Q

3 Cs of communication

A

Clear
Correct
Complete

73
Q

Used by Professor James Reason to explain safety

A

Swiss Cheese Model

74
Q

represents the gaps in the safety system

A

The holes

75
Q

represents the preventive or
correction actions that prevents the danger arrow from penetrating the pile of cheese

A

The solid portion

76
Q

source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these

A

HAZARD

77
Q

The ability to maintain awareness of what is happening on the ramp or the hangar, as well as what is happening on the task

A

SITUATION AWARENESS

PHP Aerospace (3 decks)

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