Human Evolution and Expansion

Question 1

Genus of chimps, humans

Answer 1

pan
homo
bc different characteristics

Question 2

Neanderthals

Answer 2

first found in 1820
neanderthals survived many ice ages
bred with Homo Sapiens
Europe, central Asia

Question 3

The timeline of humans

Answer 3

split from chimps 5-13mya, many species of Homo starting 2-2.5 mya
many co-occurred, not direct ancestors

Question 4

sexual dimorphism

Answer 4

the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics not involved in reproduction

Question 5

Evolution of traits

Answer 5

Brain gets bigger. skull morphology changes
Teeth smaller
tools, hunter, fire, art
left Africa (Homo erectus)
some went to Europe, Asia, North Africa

Question 6

sister species

Answer 6

closest relative of another given unit in an evolutionary tree
denisovans and neanderthals

Question 7

homo sapiens

Answer 7

evolved in Africa 300,000 years ago, left 185,000 years

not a straight line evolution from apes to us today

Question 8

Other evolved characteristics

Answer 8

bi-pedalism, vocal tract
tech - tools
social changes - caring practices
climate variations

Question 9

aDNA

Answer 9

ancient DNA that while degraded can identify fossils from 0.4-1.5 million years ago
from fragments can tell characteristics that DNA cannot

Question 10

eDNA

Answer 10

environmental DNA
very intact, able to find with other methods
to reconstruct ecosystems
create phylogenies

Question 11

Morphological traits

Answer 11

physical appearance/structure/form

Question 12

molecular phylogeny

Answer 12

reconstructing relationships with DNA, not only fossils