Human evolution Flashcards
Human Evolution
The process of change by which modern humans developed from their early ancestors over millions of years. (ex: fossil evidence)
Hominid Phylogeny
The evolutionary history and relationships among hominid species
Primates and Their Traits
Primates are a group of mammals that include humans, apes, and monkeys.
Cultural and Biological Adaptation
The ways humans adapt to their environment through both cultural practices and biological changes. (Ex:) Cultural: Use of fire, clothing, tool-making.
Biological: Skin color adaptation to UV exposure, lactose tolerance, high-altitude adaptation.
Hominoids
A group that includes great apes (gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans) and humans.
Hominids
A subgroup of hominoids that includes humans and their direct ancestors.
Common Ancestor
An ancient species from which two or more species evolved.
Natural Selection
The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in a population.
Australopithecus
A genus of early hominids, known for being one of the first bipedal ancestors.
Homo Neanderthalensis
A species closely related to modern humans, known for advanced tools and culture.
Brain Size
A key factor in human evolution; larger brains allowed for advanced problem-solving and social behavior.
Bipedalism
Walking on two legs, a defining characteristic of hominids that allowed for tool use and energy-efficient movement.
Tool Creation
The ability to craft and use tools, which significantly influenced human evolution.
Cladograms
Diagrams that show evolutionary relationships based on shared characteristics and common ancestors.
Migration Patterns
The movement of human populations across continents over thousands of years.
Genetic Diversity
The variety of genes within a species, which helps populations adapt to changing environments.
