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Process Safety > Human Error Part 2 > Flashcards

Human Error Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three performance levels?

A
  • Skill-based
  • Knowledge-based
  • Rule-based
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2
Q

For which tasks is the skill based performance level relevant?

A

Routine, highly practised tasks. Largely automated fashion. Occasional conscious checks for performance.

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3
Q

How much conscious attention is required for skill based tasks?

A

Not much need for conscious attention. Vulnerable if the attention is diverted even momentarily.

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4
Q

With which two types of error is the skill-based performance level associated?

A
  • Lapse

- Slips

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5
Q

What are slips?

A

Failures in carrying out the actions of tasks.

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6
Q

Give examples of slips in tasks.

A
  • Performing an action too late in the procedure
  • Carrying out an action with too much or too little strength
  • Carrying out an action in the wrong direction
  • Doing the right think on the wrong object
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7
Q

What is a lapse?

A
  • Lose our place

- Forget to carry out an action

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8
Q

For which tasks is the rule-based performance level relevant?

A

There is a need to programme our largely pre-programmed behaviour. The problem is typically one we have encountered before.

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9
Q

How is rule-based performance developed?

A

Through training and/or experience.

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10
Q

How do we largely operate at the rule-based performance level?

A

Operate largely on pattern matching

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11
Q

With which error is rule-based performance level associated?

A

Mistakes

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12
Q

What is the problem with mistakes?

A

You do the wrong thing believing it is the right thing

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13
Q

What aspects of our mental process do mistakes involve?

A

How we plan, assess information and make intentions

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14
Q

When do rule-based mistakes occur?

A

When our behaviour is based on remembering rules or familiar procedures.

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15
Q

What is the tendency with mistakes?

A

There is a strong tendency to use familiar rules or solutions.

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16
Q

When is the knowledge-based performance level used?

A

Repeatedly failed to find a solution using known methods

17
Q

What is the problem with thinking things through on the spot in knowledge-based performance level?

A

It is highly error prone because knowledge is patchy or inaccurate.

18
Q

What error is associated with knowledge based performance level?

A

Mistakes

19
Q

What is the action and intention of a mistake?

A

The intention is wrong and the actions align with the intention. However, the mistake is performed because you believe you are doing something right.

20
Q

When are knowledge-based mistakes made?

A

In unfamiliar circumstances when we revert consciously back to making plans and procedures.

21
Q

What is the result of a knowledge based mistake?

A

Planning or problem solving needs to use first principles and analogies. There can be misdiagnosis and miscalculations can result.

22
Q

What is the relationship between time and knowledge-based performance level?

A

If there was enough time then we would be able to produce good solutions. However time is not always available for example in an emergency.

23
Q

What is associated with:

  • mainly conscious, automatic control mode
  • Novel, difficult or dangerous problem
A

Knowledge-Based Performance Level

24
Q

What is associated with:

  • conscious and automatic control mode
  • Familiar or trained for problems
A

Rule-Based Performance Level

25
Q

What is associated with:

  • mainly automatic control mode
  • routine, expected
A

Skill-Based Performance Level

26
Q

What is a violation?

A

Deliberate deviation from rules, procedures, instructions and regulations

27
Q

What is the result of violation of health and safety procedures?

A

Many accidents and incidents

28
Q

Give an example of a health and safety violation

A

Not wearing PPE

29
Q

Why do people violate?

A

Because they want to be able to carry out a task faster. Rarely is it associated with malicious intent.

30
Q

What are the three categories for a violation?

A
  • Exceptional
  • Routine
  • Situational
31
Q

When does an exceptional violation occur?

A

When something has gone wrong

32
Q

When does a routine violation occur?

A

Normal way of working within the group. Desire to save time and energy and believe that the rules are too restrictive

33
Q

When does a situational violation occur?

A

Breaking due to pressure - time pressure, not enough staff etc.

Process Safety (10 decks)

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