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Human Responses To The Environment > Human Ear > Flashcards

Human Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What parts does the outer ear consist of?

A

Pinna and Auditory canal

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2
Q

What is the structure and function of the Pinna

A

S:cartilaginous flap on the side of the head

F: directs Sound waves into opening of auditory canal

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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the Auditory Canal?

A

S: slightly curved tube that passes through bone to the eardrum.

F: conducts sound waves from Pinna to eardrum.

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4
Q

What does the Middle Ear consist of?

A

Eardrum
Ossicles
Eustachian tube
Oval window

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5
Q

What is another name for eardrum?

A

Singular - tympanum

Plural- tympanic membrane

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6
Q

What is the structure and Function of the eardrum?

A

S:thin membrane covering the opening between the outer and middle ear

F: vibrates when hit by sound waves which are converted into mechanical waves.

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7
Q

What is the structure and functions of Ossicles?

A

S: 3 small bones:Malleus(hammer),incus(anvil) and stapes(stirrup) articulate with each other

F: transmit and amplify vibrations across cavity of the middle ear from eardrum to oval window

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8
Q

What is the structure and function the Eustachian tube?

A

S: a thin tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat?

F: equalises air pressure to the middle ear and the outside so that membranes can vibrate freely.

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9
Q

What is the structure and function of the oval window?

A

S: membrane separating the middle ear from the inner ear

F: passes vibrations from the stirrup to the inner ear, causing waves in the perilymph of inner ear.

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10
Q

What is get inner ear made up of?

A

Bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

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11
Q

What is the bony labyrinth?

A

Series of canals and cavities within the temporal bone which is filled with fluid called PERILYMPH.

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12
Q

What is perilymph

A

Peri= around Labyrinth= passage

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13
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A

Floats in the perilymph, filled with fluid - endolymph

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14
Q

What 2 reigons does the 2 labyrinth ps form?

A

Cochlea

Vestibular apparatus

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15
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Where sound and vibrations move fluid to stimulate hearing.

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16
Q

What does the cochlea consist of?

A

The scalas
Membranes
Organ of Corti
Auditory nerve

17
Q

What is the structure and function of the Scalas?

A

S: The cochlea is made of 3 separate scalas. The:
Middle choclear duct/ Scalas media is part of membranous labyrinth and filled with endolymph

Upper scala vestibule and lower scala tympani are both part of bony labyrinth and filled with perilymph

Lower scala tympani ends at the round window

F: scalas filled with fluid which forms waves when membranes vibrate

18
Q

What is the structure and function of the Membranes?

A

S: the roof of the cochlea duct is the vestibular membrane
The floor of the cochlea duct is the basilar membrane

F: membranes vibrate in response to waves in the fluid

19
Q

What is the structure and function of the organs of Corti?

A

S: on basilar membrane, partly covered by a tectorial membrane
Hairs from hair cells are in gelatinous tectorial membrane

F: converts mechanical stimuli into nerve impulses

20
Q

What is the structure and function of the auditory nerve?

A

Nerve from organ of Corti joins with vestibular nerve to form auditory nerve before reaching the brain

F: carries imposes to temporal lobe of cerebral cortex, where interpreted as sound

21
Q

What is the structure of the ear?

A 
3 regions:
An outer ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Surrounded by temporal bone
22
Q

What are the Uttriculus and Saculas?

A

Two membranous sacs suspended in perilymph p and filled with endolymph

23
Q

What is the name given to the equilibrium receptors?

A

Maculae

24
Q

What are Maculae?

A

Patches of hair cells covered with a jelly- like layer in which tiny stones
(Otoliths) are embedded

25
Q

What are the Otoliths embedded in jelly-like layer?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

Oto = ear, lith = stones

26
Q

What is the function of the Maculae ?

A

Respond to pull of gravity and the register the position of the head in the space.

27
Q

What is the structure of the semi-circular canals?

A

All 3 cabals are at right angles.

28
Q

What does each duct contain?

A

They each have an Ampulla which is an enlarged swelling at the end

29
Q

What is the name of the equilibrium receptor found in each ampulla?

A

Crista

30
Q

How different is the Crista equ receptor from the Maculae?

A

These cells are covered with a jelly-like cap - The Capula

31
Q

What are the similarities of dendrites in semi-canals and uttriculus

A

Both leave corresponding receptors.

32
Q

What is the function of the Crista

A

Register movements of the end

33
Q

What is the importance of the Maculae and Cristae?

A

Keep cerebellum informed of position and movements of head, in order for balance of body is maintained

Human Responses To The Environment (10 decks)

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