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BIOL 459 > Human Diseases > Flashcards

Human Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

define pathology

A

the study of disease

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2
Q

define etiology

A

the study of the cause of a disease

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3
Q

define pathogenesis

A

the development of diease

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4
Q

define infection

A

growth of microorganisms in the body

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5
Q

define disease

A

an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

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6
Q

transient microbiota

A

may be present for days, weeks, or months

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7
Q

normal microbiota

A

permanently colonize the host

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8
Q

symbiosis

A

the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

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9
Q

microbes on the skin

A

staphylococcus, micrococcus, corynebacterium

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10
Q

microbes on eyes

A

staph. epidermis, s. auerus, corynebacterium, streptococci, micrococcus

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11
Q

microbes in nose and throat

A

s. aureus, staphylococcus, epidermidis, s. pneumoniae, neisseria

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12
Q

why is there not alot of microbes on the skin?

A

sweat, oil, keratin, low pH and low moisture

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13
Q

why is there similar microbes between skin and eyes?

A

conjuctivita is a continuation of the skin to the mucous membrane

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14
Q

microbes in mouth

A

neissera, streptococcus, staphylococcus, corynebacterium, candida

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15
Q

why is the mouth good at supporting large amounts of microbes?

A

moisture, warmth and constant presence of food

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16
Q

antimicrobial properties of mouth

A

chewing, biting, salivary flow dislodges microbes, saliva has antimicrobial properties

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17
Q

microbes of large intestine

A

e.coli, lactobacillus, enterococcus, candid
- no staph or strep

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18
Q

what does d+ do to normal microbes?

A

flushes them out

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19
Q

urinary and reproductive system microbes

A

staph, micrococcus, enterococcus, lactobacillus, candida

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20
Q

vagina environment

A

acidic, kill microbes, flushes microbes out w urine

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21
Q

where is staphylococcus found

A

skin, eyes, nose/throat, urinary and reproductive tract

22
Q

where is streptococci found

A

eyes, nose/throat, mouth, urinary and reproductive

23
Q

where is corynebacterium found

A

skin, eyes, mouth

24
Q

where is neisseria found

A

nose/throat, mouth

25
Q

microbial antagonism

A

competition between microbes

26
Q

normal microbiota protect the host by…

A

competing for nutreitns, producing substances harmful to invading microbes, altering pH and available oxygen

27
Q

some normal microbiota can be

A

opportunistic pathogens

28
Q

what do normal microbiota produce against invading microbes?

A

acids and bacteriocins (can disrupt cell walls)

29
Q

probiotics

A

live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

30
Q

what is nisin?

A

a bacteriocin used as a food preservative, has unsual aa’s (dha and dhb)

31
Q

what are the 4 causes of infectious diseases?

A
  • bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and prions
32
Q

bacteria

A

unicellular organisms which cell has no nucleus - eubacteria

33
Q

protozoa

A

unicellular organisms which cell has a nucleus - eukaryota

34
Q

viruses

A

obligately intracellular parasite that cannot reproduce on its own

35
Q

prions

A

proteins causing slow degenerative disease in humans and animals

36
Q

physicians classify disease based on ____ and _____ of pathologies on the host

A

organs, type

37
Q

microbiologist classify disease based on the _____ of the ______

A

nature, infectious agents

38
Q

top infectious diseases of 1999

A

AIDS (virus)
TB (bacteria)
Malaria (protozoa)
ARI-acute resp infection (Virus, bacteria, fungus)
Diarrhea (Virus, bacteria, protozoa)

39
Q

bacteria can be…

A

gram negative or gram positive

40
Q

actinobacteria firmicute is

A

gram positive

41
Q

proteobacteria is

A

gram negative

42
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

have thick peptidoglycan layer, membrane, high GC (actinobact) or low GC (firmicutes)

43
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

have peptidoglycan, membrane, periplasm, outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)

44
Q

peptidoglycan layer

A

Made of sugar polymers (NAG-NAM)
Is a polysaccaride with cross links with D amino acids

45
Q

Baltimores classification of viruses

A

Type of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA)
Number of strands (ss or ds)
synthesis of nucleic acid intermediate , 7 classes

46
Q

The only 2 RNA viruses that are non-enveloped

A

Picornavirus (ssRNA)
Reovirus (dsRNA)

47
Q

Non-enveloped DNA viruses

A

Parovirus(only ssDNA), papovirus, Adenovirus, Iridovirus

48
Q

Enveloped DNA viruses

A

Enveloped DNA viruses

49
Q

Koch’s 4 postulates

A
  1. Pathogen must be present in everyone who has the disease
  2. Pathogen must be isolated from host and grown in pure culture
  3. Pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into lab animal
  4. Pathogen must be re-isolated from inoculated animal and prove to be original organism
50
Q

What are Koch’s postulates used for

A

To prove the cause of an infectious disease
-some pathogens can cause several diseases
-some pathogens cause disease only in humans

BIOL 459 (9 decks)

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