Classification Of Infectious Agents

Question 1

taxonomy

Answer 1

science of classifying organisms, shows degree of similarities and differences

Question 2

systemics or phylogeny

Answer 2

study of evolutionary hx of organisms

Question 3

1735

Answer 3

Linnaeus - kingdoms plants and animals

Question 4

1800’s

Answer 4

bacteria and fungi put into kingdom plantae; kingdom protisa proposed for bacteria protoazoa algae and fungi

Question 5

1884

Answer 5

christan gram developed gram stain
-> established structural difference between bacteria

Question 6

1937

Answer 6

prokaryote introduced to distinguish cells without a nucleus

Question 7

1968

Answer 7

G.E Murray - kingdom prokaryotae
-> no mem around nuceloplasm, no nucleus

Question 8

1969

Answer 8

R.H Whitaker - 5 kingdom system (monera, protista, fungi, plant, animal)

Question 9

the 3 domains…

Answer 9

developed by carl woese in 1978; based on sequences of nucleotides in rRNA (ssu rRNA or 16s rRNA)

Question 10

what are the 3 domains

Answer 10

• eukarya: animals, plants, fungi
• bacteria
• archaea: methanogens, extreme halophiles, hyperthermophiles

Question 11

phylogenetic tree

Answer 11

• grouping organisms according to common properties (fossils, genomes)
• groups of organisms evolved from a common ancestor
• each species retains some characteristics of its ancestor

Question 12

taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 12

• a series of subdivisions developed by Linnaeus to classify plants and animals

Question 13

classification of prokaryotes

Answer 13

• culture: bacteria grown in lab media
• clone: population of cells derived from a single parent cell
• strain: genetically different cells w/in a species

Question 14

classification steps of strains as per bergeys manual vol 1 pg 40

Answer 14

1. collection of data
2. data must be coded
3. similarity or resemblance between the strains is calculated
4. similarities are analyzed for taxonomic structure
5. properties of the phenons can be tabulated and allow best ID of strain