Human development- poverty, hunger, etc.

Question 1

WB: extreme poverty? moderate poverty?

Answer 1

• 1.90$/day(PPP)
• 3.1$/day(PPP)

Question 2

WB 2018 stats: no. of global poor? % in sub-Saharan Africa? % in South Asia?

no. of multi-dimensional poor in world?

Answer 2

• 780mn
• >50%-480mn
• 32%-250mn
• 1.3bn

Question 3

causes of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 3

• dev success and econ growth can’t keep pace with the pop growth
• war & crises in Sudan, NIgeria,Mali etc.- forced migration of people
• Climate change related extreme events- floods and extra-ordinary drought periods- crop failure- Hunger crisis and famine esp East Africa and the Sahel region
• inadequate agri infrastr and expetise
• unjust trade systems- neo colonialism

Question 4

Reasons for poverty in South asia?

Answer 4

• Population: ~60% of world’s pop; popn growth> resources
• education:
  
  • ~30% of adults illiterate
  • 33% students lack basic literacy skills
  • gender inequality in access to edu
• Health:
  
  • 69% of children- acute malnutrition
  • ~80% adolescent women anaemic
  • impacts productivity as well as further impedes education
• Social discrimination
  
  • widespread inequality
• Administration:
  
  • Acc to CPI (corruption perception), 60% of Asian countries scored <50
• natural disasters
  
  • agri dependednt society-
  • bears the brunt of 50% of natural disasters in Asia-Pacific region

Question 5

Trend in poverty reduction?

Answer 5

• since 1990, decrease in poverty in all regions bt uneven progress
• East Asia’s, driven by China’s growth, has made best progress; followed by S. asia due to India’s growth

Question 6

Demographic profile of poor?

Answer 6

• rural
• engaged in agriculture
• uneducated

Question 7

Poverty in India:

• Poverty line defn?
• no. of poor?
• no.of multi-dim poor? multi-dimensional poverty index 2019?
• demogaphic profile?
• India’s success in poverty reduction?
  *

Answer 7

• Suresh Tendulkar committe: BPL
  
  • <816Rs/month (27Rs/day) in rural area
  • <1000Rs/month (33Rs/day) in urban area
• India: largest absolute no. of poor in world: 170mn
• no. of multi-dimensional poor: 364mn; MDI - lower than global avg of 0.159-also lower than S.Asian countries and that of BRICS countries, except Russia
• demographic profile of poor in India
  
  • rural
  • tribal
  • lower caste
  • Muslim (though fast catching up)
• betn 2005-15, pulled 271mn people out of poverty; strong improvements in areas such as assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition

Question 8

Poorest states in india?

Answer 8

• MP- Aurajpur and Jhabua
• UP- Srawasti and Sonbhadra
• Bihar- Madhubani and Supaul
• JH- Singhbhum(W) and Pakur
• Lowest MPI (i.e. best)- Kottayam, kerala (MPI=0)

Question 10

Region wise prevalence of hunger and undernorished people?

Answer 10

In south Asia, india- worst performer -54% of children are in some form malnourished.

Question 11

Hunger and Malnutrition in India?

Answer 11

• NFHS-4 (2015-16):
  
  • stunting: 38.4% (54mn) of children
  • wasting: 21% (29mn) of children
  • under-weight: 35.7% (49mn) of children
• Global Hunger report-India scored 102nd out of 117 countries and scored 30.3- severe level of hunger
• acc to UNICEF’s state of world children report,2019: every 2nd child affected by some form of malnutrition in India

Question 12

Hunger and Malnutrition in the world?

Answer 12

• The state of food security and nutrition in world,2019 report- by FAO- no. of under-nourished people in
  
  • 2000: 900mn
  • 2015: 777mn
  • 2018: 820mn (11% of global pop)
• stunting - 149mn children- 22%
• Acc to UNICEF’s state of World’s children report 2019- 1 in 3 children of <5yrs is undernourished
• wasting- 50mn children-
  
  • 1 in 7 newborn with low birth weight
  • 7.3% (20.5mn) babies globally with low birth weight in 2015
• Food security- has a Gender dimension-
  
  • 33% females of reproductive age anaemic- leads to inter-generational transfer of under-nourishment
• mltiple forms ofmalnourishment co-existing- overweightness and obesity continue to increase in all regions
• no. of obese globally (2018): 670mn adults and 5.9% of <5yrs children
• Acc to UNICEF’s state of World’s children report 2019- Poverty, urbanization and Climate change are the factors driving poor diet