Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Human Development MNTH > Flashcards

Human Development MNTH Flashcards

1
Q

Define unconscious vs preconscious

A

Unconscious is a reservoir of thoughts and urges outside of conscious awareness

Preconscious are thoughts and feelings that a person is not currently aware of, but which can be easily brought up to the conscious level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Defense Mechanism

A

Unconscious strategies that people use to protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who came up with the idea of Defense Mechanisms, and who continued the work?

A

Sigmund Freud

Anna Freud considered defense mechanisms as automatisms of the individual. They arise during involuntary and voluntary learning

Bowin 2004: Had the idea that intelligence amplifies emotions, and can keep the psyche focused on repetitive thinking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Repression

A

Blocking difficult thoughts from entering the conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regression

A

Reverting back to the behavior or emotions of an earlier developmental stage when a person is anxious or stressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Projection

A

Having a socially unacceptable feeling and instead of facing it, the urge or feeling is seen or projected in the actions of other people.

(That girl is so into me, even when her back is to you)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Behaving or expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings

Little man syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sublimation

A

Positive Defense Mechanism

Channeling unacceptable urges into a productive outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to recognize real facts or experiences that would lead to anxiety

Someone with substance abuse thinks they don’t have a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rationalization

A

Justifying a mistake or problematic feeling with seemingly logical reasons or explanations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient to another “safer” target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identification with the Aggressor

A

Taking the role of the aggressor and modeling their attributes, feelings of admiration, gratitude, or identification

Child getting a shot
Stockholm Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part of the brain controls circadian Rhythm?

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Hypothalamic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which part of the brain produces melatonin?

A

Pineal Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of Cortisol in sleep?

A

Decreases in the first phase of sleep, increases in the early hrs of the morning for wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the Reticular Activating System’s role in sleep

What is its neurotransmitter

Lesion?

A

Connects the brain stem to the thalamus to control arousal and alertness

NE

Damage will cause permanent coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain the Raphe Nucleus Role in Sleep

Neurotransmitter

Lesion?

A

Serotonergic neurons that go through the limbic system and forebrain to start sleep onset

Serotonin

Damage makes it so you can’t fall asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adenosine’s role in sleep?

A

Increase release w/ activity, it triggers sleep initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Caffeine and sleep?

A

Antagonist of adenosine, makes it hard to get to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acetylcholine and sleep?

A

NT for arousal.

Neurons in the dorsal pons and basal forebrain

Important for REM sleep

21
Q

NE and sleep?

A

Locus Coeruleus

Produce arousal and sleeplessness

22
Q

Serotonin and sleep?

A

Raphe Nuclei

Role is in activating behavior

23
Q

Histamine and sleep?

A

Hypothalamic Tuberomammillary Nucleus

Promote and stabilize wakefulness and attention

24
Q

Orexin and sleep?

A

Hypothalamus

Involved in wakefulness and arousal

Important in Narcolepsy

25
Q

Insomnia

Tx?

A

Unsatisfying sleep quality or quantity w/ 1 or more of the following:

Problem with sleep initiation
Problem with sleep maintenance
Awake 30 minutes before 6.5 hours of sleep
Functional distress

3 nights/wk for 3 months

Standard is non-pharm treatment. Sleep hygiene and therapy
Z-drugs are the 1st line for insomnia

26
Q

What is the most common of the OTC sleep drug?

A

Diphenhydramine

27
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Tx

A

Risks: Age over 40, obesity, male

Leads to secondary insomnia

Avoid use of sedatives

Tx: CPAP/BIPAP

28
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

Tx

A

Neurologic

Abnormal breathing, awakening, not as much snoring as OSA

Tx:
Reduce Opioids, CPAP

29
Q

What is Somnambulism

Tx

A

Sleep walking in non-REM sleep

Tx: Z-drugs NOT recommended increases sleep driving/walking

30
Q

Nightmare Disorder DSM-5

Tx:

A

Recurrent well-remembered dreams

Tx: Image Rehearsal Therapy, CBT

Pharm: Prazosin

31
Q

REM Behavioral Disorder

Tx

A

Modify sleep environment to decrease sleep injury

Melatonin

32
Q

Sleep Terrors

A

Seen in age 3-7, but subside by 10

Dreams in non-REM

No specific Tx

33
Q

Sleep Paralysis

Tx

A

Hypnapompic Hallucinations

Trouble getting out of REM sleep

Tx: Pt education, Count down from 20

34
Q

What are the presumed purposes of sleep?

A

Conserve Energy

Avoid Predation

Sleeping for restoration

Sleeping for memory

35
Q

Who wrote about alcohol to demonize it around the time of the revolution?

A

Benjamin Rush

36
Q

When was the 18th amendment enforced?

A

1920-1933

37
Q

How many Americans abstain from alcohol?

A

30%

The 10% top drinkers drink more than half of the total alcohol in the US

38
Q

Who many people have alcohol use disorder and how many people get treatment?

A

14.4 million 18+ had the disorder. 7.9% got treatment

401,00 ages 12-17 had AUD. 5% got Tx

39
Q

What is the cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

B-12, Thymine deficiency

Causes Dementia and confabulation

40
Q

Explain the metabolism of alcohol

A

Steady rate of .25 oz/hr.
LD50 is .40 BAC

Presence of ETOH lowers metabolism of other drugs, and the absence of ETOH increases the metabolism of other drugs. Only in heavy drinkers.

41
Q

Prochaska and Diclemente (1983)

A

Trans theoretical Model of Change

6 stages, precontemplation, contemplation, prep, action, main, relapse

42
Q

Miller and Wilbourne (2003)

A

Mesa Grande- brief interventions, behavior, marital therapy

Pharmacology: Naltrexone

43
Q

What is alcohol withdrawal management

A

No caffeine, multivitamin, oral thiamine

For withdrawal delirium use Benzos

44
Q

What are medications you can use for alcohol use disorder?

A

Acamprosate: a-receptor blocker prevents relapse
Disulfuram: Makes you sick to support your abstinence
Oral Naltrexone: Tx for alcohol dependence
Extended injectable Naltrexone

45
Q

Opioid Antagonists

A

Naloxone, nalorphine

46
Q

What are the symptoms of withdrawal symptoms

How are they prevented?

A 
Coma
Pinpoint Pupils
Respiratory Depression
Hypotonia
Hypothermia
Hyporeflexia

Prevented with opioid agonist.

Withdrawal precipitated sometimes when given naloxone, naltrexone, or buprenorphine

47
Q

What is the Tx for opioid withdrawal?

A
  1. Gradual towering doses of opioid agonists
    - methadone (agonist) or buprenorphine (partial agonist)
  2. Use of a2-adrenergic agonists like clonidine

DON’T use anesthesia-assisted Withdrawal Management

Psych Treatment
Contingency Management: Rewards for positive reinforcement for abstinence
CBT

48
Q

What are opioid overdose Tx:

Explain the contraindications of the medications

A

Detox or Maintenance

Methadone or Buprenorphine

Methadone: Bugjuice
-used to treat heroin addiction
Contraindications: respiratory depression, increased QT, decreased parastatals

Buprenorphine: mu-partial agonist
Contraindications: hepatitis, current alcohol use, hypovolemia may cause OHTN, and syncope.

Mental Health (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions