Human Development In The Life Cycle Flashcards
In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs the need for love and esteem is referred to as emotional dependency. What are the five stages of emotional dependency?
Safety, esteem, love, belonging, psychological growth.
According to Bowen (Family Systems Theory) the ___________ between self and others determined the level of fusion and differentiation.
Boundary
A theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and uses systems thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit. It is the nature of a family that its members are intensely connected emotionally. Often people feel distant or disconnected from their families, but this is more feeling than fact. Family members so profoundly affect each other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions that it often seems as if people are living under the same “emotional skin.” People solicit each other’s attention, approval, and support and react to each other’s needs, expectations, and distress. The connectedness and reactivity make the functioning of family members interdependent. A change in one person’s functioning is predictably followed by reciprocal changes in the functioning of others. Families differ somewhat in the degree of interdependence, but it is always present to some degree.
Bowden Family Systems Theory
When boundaries between self and others are not clearly defined, or set healthy limitation-but instead are blurred resulting in fusion or low differentiation =?
Diffused Boundries
Boundaries blurred-relationship leans heavily on togetherness opposed to individuality-the opposite of differentiation =?
Fusion
Bowen refers to as the “pretend self”: the self molded by beliefs and values of the family system and easily reshaped by positions taken by others =?
Pseudo-self
One reaches a higher level of differentiation and holds firm to own convictions/beliefs-modified only from w/in self . This can endure group thinking and respects the identity of others w/o attempting to change them.
Solid Self
The third person pulled into a dyad conflict in an attempt to stabilize.
Outsider
When one had a dependency on others and an emotional need for connectedness-fusion often occurs
Togetherness
Ability to function independently from others & respects their differences.
Individuality
A theoretical scale from 1-100 to define level of differentiation from fam systems group. The Lowe the # the lower degree of emotional separation and easily reactive to anxiety provoking situation with others.
Scale of Differentiation
Bowen therapy-used to slow an individual’s process and lessen reactivity in order for them to recognize and take responsibility for their own behavioral patterns in interpersonal relationships.
Process question
Who did research and created the theory focused on individuals who were raised in the same sibling position that had similar traits-therefore established relationships w others that replicated the sibling’s dynamics?
Walter Toman
The emotional atmosphere in which a family generates and affects the emotional functioning of each member =?
Emotional Field
The automatic or instinctual response that allows all living things to adapt to the changes in their environment or in Bowen’s view-the fam system =?
Emotional response
Process by which dysfunctional emotional patterns w/in a fam are passed on to each generation
Nuclear family emotional process
The center that connects all family members
Nuclear family
A fam containing members who are functioning at low levels aid differentiation and in turn become fused
Undifferentiated family ego mass
When an organism responds to a threat-real or imagined. Equivalent to increased reactivity w/in a system. Increased amounts of this can result from increased reactivity.
Anxiety
The theory that moods, behaviors, and emotions are effected and shaped by one down perception of the event
Cognitive therapy
Therapy developed by Albert Ellis-Process where one id’s the irrational beliefs, causing negative emotions, and substituting them with positive alternatives therefore altering one’s emotions and moods subsequently allowing them to feel better.
REBT: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
A method from REBT utilized to make the connection between A. The activating event B. The belief around the event C. The emotional and behavioral consequences of the belief. REBT adds D. Disputing the irrational belief and E. Emotional result of replacing it with a rational one
A-B-C Theory
Distorted ways of thinking or perceptions attached to an activating event that create a negative emotion or behavior around that event
Irrational beliefs
Automatic understandings that are rigid and viewed as absolute truths or over generalized and maintained as beliefs even if inaccurate
Core beliefs
A cognitive script or framework that helps one organize and make sense of info-greatly influences behavior and actions-hinders one from recalling bed info if it doesn’t fit the script.
Schematic
Making conclusions based on no relevant information
Arbitrary inferences
Evaluating things as absolute truth: always-never-ever
All or nothing thinking
Perception focused entirely on specific negative aspects w/o taking the rest into consideration
Mental filter
Eric Erikson’s 8 stages of development demonstrate the emotional process and individual follows throughout life. In what stage does a person learn to cooperate with others, lead as well as to follow, or to continue depending on adults?
Initiative vs. Guilt. Children learn to use their imagination through active play. Guilt is obvious if the child is fearful, leading to restrictions in their play. Early preschool years.
What are the 2 goals of Person Centered Therapy?
Increased Self-esteem and openness to experience. Individuals will learn to be in agreement with themselves, demonstrate low levels of guilt, and encounter more positive relationships.
Who was the major figure in the development of family therapy; his theory focused on a mulitigenerational transmission process by which levels of differentiation w/in the fam are passed down from one generation to the next. Ones ability to differentiate from the family was the key to achieving a healthy balance between togetherness and individuality.
Murray Bowen
Ones ability to function at a level of emotional maturity and a healthy interdependency in relationships or groups by remaining autonomous. Ability to separate feelings from thinking and keeping oneself separated from emotional reactivity w/in family conflicts.
Differentiation
One’s ability to maintain a healthy separation from the family system through a balanced dependency on others and avoid fusion with family emotions. Believed to be the avenue in transforming family relationships. Individuality while still staying emotionally connected with the group or family.
Differentiation of self
When one is distinguished by dependency, lack of autonomy, reacts emotionally to conflicts with others. Has a tendency to fuse with others. Looks to others for approval and acceptance, therefore conforming themselves to please others.
Low differentiation
A person’s degree of differentiation during levels of chronic anxiety in his or her important relationships.
Functional Level of Differentiation
The functioning that is not reliant on the emotional driven relationship process resulting in a person’s emotional separation from his/her family of origin.
Basic level of differentiation
Conflict between 2 people (unstable dyad) one or both triangle in a third person in an attempt to lessen the anxiety and stabilize the relationship.
Triangulation
The process by which an individual does not allow themselves to get pulled in. They remain as an observer.
Detriangulation
Ability to define self w/o being emotionally invested in one’s own viewpoint or in changing the viewpoint of others.
Neutrality
He is known for developing cognitive therapy and is also recognized for developing the Beck Scales (Beck Depression Inventory -Beck Hopelessness Scale- Beck Scale for SI-Beck Anxiety Inventory-Beck youth inventories).
Aaron Beck
An American Cognitive-Behavioral therapist known for developing Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and is also known as the grandfather of cognitive-behavioral therapies.
Albert Ellis
Based on the premise that dysfunctional patterns in families could be analyzed through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages. The foundation of General Systems Theory.
Communication Theory
The way in which information is conveyed and received
Syntax
The accuracy of communications being sent and received.
Semantics
The effects of behavior on communication both verbal and non-verbal
Pragmatics
A metaphor referring to the idea that it is more accurate to observe an individual’s input and output vs trying to fig what is going on in their mind
Black Box
The analysis of a controlled system by observing the flow of information, feedback, and communication
Cybernetics
Behavior that is influenced or related to the pattern of interactions (A effect B-B influences A)
Circular Causality
Nonverbal communication that influences the words of the verbal message
Metacommunication
The actual content of a message
Report
A suggestion about the meaning related to the content
Command
Acceptable behavior that maintains dysfunctional patterns w/in the system, therefore returning the family back to its previous balance in order to resist change
Homeostasis
Patterns of communication and interaction developed within the family to sustain stability during times of conflict and stress
Rule-governed system
the experience of the stages of dying an preparing for imminent death according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.
