Human Behavior In The Enviornment Flashcards
A baseball player is thrown out of the game and kicks the water cooler in the dug out =?
The defense mechanism by which one redirects one’s emotions or impulses on a less threatening target then the one eliciting the response.
Displacement
51 y.o. Actress insists on playing a teenage rock star despite her matronly appearance =?
Denial
A child loosing an argument to a friend exclaims “you are so stupid” =?
The mechanism by which one places unacceptable impulses, thoughts, or characteristics that are being experienced into someone else.
Projection
When asked to share his feelings about his wife leaving him a man tells a story about how she met the other man-more a story about other ppl…no affect present =?
Defense mechanism focusing on intellectual events vs dealing w troubling emotions-removing self from the situation…
Intelectualization
Defense mechanism to deal with emotional conflict or stress by pointing out funny/ironic content of the situation =?
Humor
A loss of integration of the consciousness, memory, perception of self or surroundings, or sensory/motor behavior =?
Disassociation
40 year smoker gets dx with terminal lung cancer-blames tobacco co bc they deceived him into thinking it was safe despite several other warnings =?
Substituting a seemingly logical or rational reason for the real reason.
Rationalization
A wife found standing over her dead husbands body with a smoking gun-has no recollection of shooting him despite the evidence =?
Repression
Adopting the opposite belief for emotion because expressing the true one will cause anxiety or dissonance =?
Reaction formation
Dude attacked by a mugger with a knife and is so ashamed that he was so helpless and unable to defend himself he refuses to think of it years later =?
Consciously attempting to remove an anxiety producing memory or thought
Avoiding the truth by consciously forcing it out of consciousness
Suppression
As a child Mimi’s mother made her p-corn when she had a rough day. Her marriage is on the rx and she has found herself making p-corn up to 3x/day despite not eating it for a number of years =?
Regression
B describes her rape as if she is telling someone else’s story-there is no emotional content =?
The process of separating A traumatic event or emotional conflict from the attendant emotions. Memory of the event remains w/o the affect associated with it.
Isolation of affect
Brenda hated her brother but found that expressing this got her nothing positive. She became the spy for her mother helping her to catch his every misbehavior and earned mom’s praise =?
Finding a way to act out an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable manner
Sublimation
Believing or behaving as if one has special powers or abilities accompanied by the belief that one is superior to others =?
Dave is very obese and is teased my his coworkers but suffers this magnanimously as he knows he has the power to beat them all up if he desired to.
Omnipotence
Bob did not receive any significant encouragement from either of his parents. He now is involved on various organizations where he gains constant recognition =?
Focussing on meeting the needs of others to deal w emotional conflict or stressors-the Indv. feels good about service to others and is reinforced by their response.
Altruism
Camille’s newborn died of SID-she has exuded to never get pregnant again because she is such a bad mother.
Devaluation
Frank bragged that his therapist was so competent that he couldn’t help but be cured if his problem. His anxiety about his problem went away but his problem was still there =?
Handling emotional conflict or stressors by assigning exaggerated positive attributes to others.
Idealization
The process by which parental problems are passes down or projected on the children therefore, stunting the colds ability to differentiate. =?
FamilyProjection Process
Levels of differentiation and emotional processes projected onto children who then pass degrees of immaturity on through generations. Low levels of differentiation progress lower through generations.=?
Multigenerational transmission process
Unable to differentiate successfully a family member emotionally or physically distances or separates self from family/completely withdraws=?
Emotional cutoff
Theory by Walter Toman focused on Indv. who were raised in the same _____________ have similar traits.
Sibling position
A theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and uses systems thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit. It is the nature of a family that its members are intensely connected emotionally. Often people feel distant or disconnected from their families, but this is more feeling than fact. Family members so profoundly affect each other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions that it often seems as if people are living under the same “emotional skin.” People solicit each other’s attention, approval, and support and react to each other’s needs, expectations, and distress. The connectedness and reactivity make the functioning of family members interdependent. A change in one person’s functioning is predictably followed by reciprocal changes in the functioning of others. Families differ somewhat in the degree of interdependence, but it is always present to some degree.
Bowen family systems theory
Assessment tool used to map the dynamic of a family. Squares =men , circles = women, horizontal lines = marriage, vertical lines = children. Indicates major turning points and difficult relationships.
Genogram.
Projecting what will happen or how things will turn out in the future
Fortune telling
When one makes inaccurate assessments of the way situations or people truly are by devaluing or idealizing
Minimization/magnification
Decisions and reasoning based on how one feels as opposed to being objective
Emotional reasoning
Taking things personally
Personalization
Method or theory of learning - focused on stimulus and response of behavior
Behaviorism
Neutral stimulus paired w an unconditioned stimulus in Classical Conditioning
Conditioned stimulus
Response elicited by a conditioned stimulus resulting from pairing a conditioned with an unconditioned stimulus, thus Classical Conditioning
Conditioned response
Method of learning: pairing a neural (conditioned) stimulus w an unconditioned stimulus thus inducing a reflex or response. Eventually the neutral stimulus evokes the reflex or response w or w/o the unconditioned stimulus. Yer boy Pavlov.
Classical Conditioning
The use of consequences or reinforcement to learn a new behavior (response) or strengthen an existing response. Extensively researched by B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning
Remember…
Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
In operant conditioning: when a reinforcement is suspended after a response the behavior becomes less.
In classical conditioning: conditioned response eventually fades after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly followed w/o unconditioned stimulus
Extinction
In operant conditioning a desired behavior can be progressively developed through repeated reinforcement of behaviors that are closer to the desired outcome
Shaping
A form of tx where by pairing stimulus or behavior w an aversive or unpleasant stimulus reduces the attractiveness of that particular behavior.
Aversion Counterconditioning
Classical conditioning: after extinction, if the conditioned stimulus is again presented the conditioned response spontaneously is elicit
Spontaneous recovery
Technique used to treat phobias or anxiety in which an anxiety provoking stimulus is paired with a relaxing stimulus-over time sensitivity to the anx producing stimulus lessens
Systematic desensitization
Used in tx if phobias/anxiety- prolonged imaginal or in vivio exposure to the stimuli until extinction of response
Flooding-exposure therapy
Form of exposure therapy-client processes traumatic memories while simultaneously focusing on external stimulation such as lateral eye movement or auditory stimulation. -the traumatic info is processed w new associations between the traumatic memory and more adaptive memories
EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
Linking behaviors in a series resulting in each behavior being the reinforcement (consequence) for the previous behavior and the stimuli (antecedent) for the next behavior
Chaining
Reinforcement dependent on the completion of the desired behavior
Contingency
Who was one of the most well known psychologists in behaviorism developed the “Skinner box” to demonstrate his theory of operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
One if the founders of behavioral Therapy. He established the psychological school of behaviorism. He was known for conducting the Little Albert experiment to reveal evidence of classical conditioning amongst infants and children
John B. Watson
He developed behavioral therap and was the first psychologist to apply desensitization techniques for tx of phobias
Arnold Lazarus
Discovered stimulus response connection to learned behavior…developed theory now known as Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Major figure in the development of family therapy. Focused on multi-generational transmission process by which levels of differentiation w/in the fam was passed down to the next generation. Believed ones ability to differentiate from the emotional reactivity of the fam is the key to achieving a healthy balance of togetherness and individuality.
Murray Bowen
The ability to function at a level of emotional maturity & healthy interdependency in relationships or groups by remaining autonomous. Able to separate feelings from thinking and keeping oneself separated from emotional reactivity w/in family conflicts.
Differentiation
Relationships based on differences that work together to reinforce and sustain the others position.
Complementary relationships
Relationships based on similarities where behavior of on mirrors the other
Symmetrical relationships
While communicating participants perceive that what the other says influences what they say therefore reinforcing the belief that the other is the souse of their behavior. This results in one believing he or she has the power over the other.
Punctuated
The reaction of a system intended to decrease a behavior (negative feedback) or to indicate a need to increase a behavior in the system (positive)
Feedback
To maintain and stabilize a state within the system by decreasing a behavior and inhibiting activity.
Negative Feedback
To maintain and stabilize a state within the system by increasing a behavior and amplifying activity
Positive Feedback
The process by which a system reintroduces output back into the system in order to maintain a stabilized state
Feedback Loops
One of the founders of Communication theory and established the Mental Research Institute in Paolo Alto CA
Don Jackson
One of the founders of Communication Theory and a member or the Bateson’s Schizophrenia project at the Mental Research Institute in Paolo Alto CA
Jay Haley
In order to sustain homeostasis, the family member who is exhibiting emotional symptoms is identified by the family system as the cause of the family’s problems.
Identified patient
She believed that all behavior is communication and that all family systems were maintained and governed by family rules. She is best known for theorizing that communication was expressed by placating, blaming, super reasonable, irrelevant, and congruent communication
Virginia Satir
A therapeutic orientation based on the concept that one’s development is never finished, but rather, continuously evolving , becoming and recreating the self while trying to make sense of our existence.
Existential Therapy
To understand the deeper meaning of one’s experience
Existential TX
An important figure in the development of Existential Therapy-Wrote the book titled “Man’s Serch For Meaning”
Victor Frankl
