Human Development in Cultural Context

Question 1

When did the human population exceed 1 billion? 
2 billion? 
6billion?
7 billion? 
Projected 11 billion?

Answer 1

Around 1800
1930
1999
2011
2100

Question 2

What is the global TFR? And the future projection?

What is the replacement rate TFR?

Answer 2

2. 5
3. 1 by 2050
4. 1 births/woman

Question 3

Explain the global demographic wealth divide.

Answer 3

Developed countries make up 80% of the worlds population with only 18% of the wealth.
Developed countries make up only 20% of the world pop. and have 82% of the wealth.

Question 4

What are the developmental domains?

Answer 4

emotional, physical, cognitive

Question 5

What are the levels of development?

Answer 5

world-centric, ethnocentric, egocentric

Question 6

What are the different LINES of development?

Answer 6

cognitive, emotional, kinesthetic, interpersonal, moral, self-identity

Question 7

What are the levels of developmental change? The benefits and risks of each?

Answer 7

1. Universal Changes - benefit is accumulation of knowledge, Risk is generalization or missing connection to group
2. Group Specific Changes - Benefits understanding of cohort/population needs/experiences Risk: prejudice, bias, discrimination
3. Individual Differences - Benefit: unique and idiosyncratic experiences and needs considered Risk: of ignoring context

Question 8

Describe the principles for critical evaluation of developmental psychological research.

Answer 8

Continuity. Non-linearity. Universality.

Question 9

Give specific examples of how the principles of critical evaluation of developmental research can be applied.

Answer 9

Continuity looks at the fact that development stages blur between each other.
Non Linearity considers that development is never a straight line. Myriad factors per individual.
Universality: looks at progression across nearly all human beings

Question 10

Explain the rationale behind Synthesis Process. What theory is it based on?

Answer 10

Taking information from all aspects of a persons life to determine an issue. The theory is Interactionist or System Theory.

Question 11

Describe historical trends in developmental psychology that have created reductionisms.

Answer 11

Freud and Erikson’s stage theories are based on subconscious ideas, often place stages of development into very specific age ranges. They don’t account for continuity, non-linearity, universality

Question 12

What is the cultural developmental model?

Answer 12

1. Humans always develop within a culture.
2. It is necessary to study people in diverse cultures for a full understanding of human development
3. Today, cultural identities are more complex around the world.

Question 13

What are the steps of Scientific Method?

Answer 13

1. Identify a question
2. Form hypotheses
3. Choose research measurement and design
4. Collect data
5. Draw conclusion that leads to new hypothesis and new questions

Question 14

List Erikson’s Stages and each “crisis” involved.

Answer 14

Infancy- trust vs mistrust
Toddlerhood - autonomy vs shame/guilt
Early Childhood - initiative vs guilt
Mid-Late Childhood - Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescence - identity vs identity confusion
Early Adulthood - Intamacy vs isolation
Mid Adulthood - Generativity vs stagnation
Late Adulthood - Ego vs integrity

Question 15

What are Urie Bronfenbrenners systems?

Answer 15

microsystem(self), mesosystem(connections between), exosystem(institutions), macrosystem(boroader cultural), chronosystem(changes over time)