Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
Role Ambiguity
lack of clarity of role
Role complementarity
the role is carried out in an expected way (i.e., parent–child; social worker–client)
Role discomplementarity
the role expectations of others differ from one’s own
Role reversal
when two or more individuals switch roles
Role conflict
incompatible or conflicting expectations
Stages of Group Development
1) FORMING: Preaffiliation
2) STORMING: Power and control
3) NORMING: Intimacy
4) PERFORMING: Differentiation—acceptance of each other as distinct
5) ADJOURNING Separation/termination—independence
Recovering from Grief
Everyone experiences them differently:
-Acknowledge the reality
-Embrace the pain
-Remember the relationship
-Develop new self-identity
-Search for meaning
-Receive ongoing support
When does receptive communication develop compared to expressive communication?
Receptive communication usually develops at an earlier age than does expressive communication
Reaction Formation
A defense mechanism when a client adopts attitudes or engages in behaviors that are the opposite of his or her unconscious belief.
Conversion
A defense mechanism when mental conflict or disturbance is transferred into a physical symptom to relieve anxiety
What is the proper order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
1) Physiological
2) Safety
3) Belonging
4) Esteem
5) Self-actualization.
What happened in the DSM-V to the SUD section?
Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence have been combined into a single Substance Use Disorder.
Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 1 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 0-1.5
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 2 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 1.5-3
Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 3 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 4-6
Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 4 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 7-13
Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 5 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 13-21
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 6 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 21-39
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 7 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 40-65
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Stage 8 - Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Ages: 65+
What are the stages of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Model?
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs Inferiority
- Ego Identity vs Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs Isolation
- Generativity vs Stagnation
- Ego Integrity vs Despair
Sensorimotor
Stage 1 - Piaget’s Periods of Cognitive Development
Ages: 0-2
-Uses sense and motor skills to learn
-Learns object permanence
Pre-Operational
Stage 2 - Piaget’s Periods of Cognitive Development
Ages: 2-7
-Symbolic thinking, ego centric, language
-Learn from experience, imagination
Concrete Operational
Stage 3 - Piaget’s Periods of Cognitive Development
Ages: 7-11
-Applies logic, rational interpretation
-Numbers, ideas
Formal Operational
Stage 4 - Piaget’s Periods of Cognitive Development
Ages: 11+
-Abstract, hypothetical thought
-Ethics, social norms
What are Piaget’s periods of cognitive development?
1) Sensorimotor: 0-2
2) Pre-operations: 2-6
3) Concrete Operations: 7-11
4) Formal Operations: 12+
What are Freuds stages of psychosexual development?
Oral 0-1 Come off breastfeeding
Anal 1-3 Toilet training
Phallic 3-6 Oedipus/Electra Complex
Genital 6-12 Develop Self-Defenses
Latent 12+ Sexual Maturation
What are Margaret Mahler’s stages of child development?
1) Autistic: 0-4 Weeks
2) Symbiotic: 4 weeks-5 months
3) Differentiation: 5-10 months
4) Practicing: 10-18 months
5) Rapprochement: 1.5-2 years
6) Object Constancy: 2-5 years
AS D PRO
What is the difference between object permanence and object constancy?
- Object permanence (Piaget): originates in the child’s physical interactions with the world
-Object constancy (Mahler): psychic and emotional interactions with the environment
