HUMAN DEVELOPMENT/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE Flashcards
What is the difference between attachment and bonding?
Attachment is made from the emotional needs of the infant from its mother.
Bonding refers to the moms feelings for her baby.
Who is best known for their work on imprinting?
Konrad Lorenz
Name Piaget’s stage to the following characteristics:
- Children respond to stimuli in environment and learn, object permanence, understand symbols
- egocentrism, thought that events that occur together cause one another (transductive reasoning), animistic thinking, decentration (another pt of view can be taken into consideration), sense that punishment for bad deeds is unavoidable (immanent justice, MORALITY OF CONSTRAINTS),
- operational thought, inductive reasoning, put things in order due to commonalities, develop concept of conservation of mass and reversibility, rules of bhx seen as mutual acceptance (MORALITY OF ACCEPTANCE)
- can think abstractly, reason deductively, able to develop hypothesis, think rules are necessary for cooperation and fairness (MORALITY OF COOPERATION)
- sensorimotor stage (birth - 2 years)
- pre-operational stage (2-7yrs)
- concrete operations stage (7-adolescence)
- formal operations stage (adolescence
During Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, at what age does object permanence–> development of separation anxiety and stranger anxiety?
8-12 months
During Piaget’s preoperational stage, at what ages do they have symbolic function and switch to decentration?
symbolic function (2-4 years)
- egocentric
decentration (4-7 years)
Kholberg’s theory of morality: Name levels
Level 1: focus on self (to age 10)
– Stage 1: obey rules to avoid punishment
– Stage 2: deal-making and mutual favors “look out for number one”
Level 2: focus on others (10-18y/o)
– Stage 3: good intentions and social approval “good girl/nice boy”
– Stage 4: fixed rules of law & order for society’s functioning
*Level 3: focus on principles (18+)
– Stage 5: focus on individual rights that can differ from laws “social contract”
– Stage 6: individual principles of conscience
Level 1: pre-conventional morality (to age 10)
Level 2: conventional morality (10-18y/o)
Level 3: post-conventional morality (18+)
Name Freud’s phases of psychosexual development:
1. Birth -1year: mouth most sensitive body regions, self-stimulating activities, ‘Id’ dominates, ego begins to develop
- 1-3 years: controlling and clinging bhxs, anal mucosa “erotogenized”
- 3-6 years: focus on genitals, hostility towards same sex parent, sexual and aggressive urges, exhibitionist and possessive
- 6 years-puberty: resolution of oedipal-complex, development of superego (internalized sense of right/wrong from their parents), no urges
- Puberty- death: maturing sexuality, achieving independence
Oral phase (birth – 1 year)
Anal phase (1–3 years)
Phallic – Oedipal phase (3–6 years)
Latency (6 years – puberty)
Genital (puberty – death)
Name Mahler’s breakdown of psychosexual development:
Stage 1: Normal autistic stage
Stage 2: Symbiotic stage
Stage 3: Separation Individuation Stage
- 5-9 months: beginning awareness of separate identity of self, mother and world
- 9-16 months: crawling/walking, exploring
- 16-24 months: child becomes more tentative in exploring, wants mother in sight
- 24+ months: completion of stage, child accepts separation; internalization (development of mother representation), when done well they give comfort, when inadequate develop anxiety/low self-esteem
5-9 months: Differentiation/Hatching
9-16 months: Practicing
16-24 months: Rapproachment
24+ months: Object constancy
Between what ages do kids understand death’s finality and show fascination with the body and what happens during injury?
6-12 y/o
What does Conner’s Continuous performance test assess for?
attention, used for ADHD at times
What test is used to assess for self-sufficiency in those with ID, ASD, ADHD and neurocognitive disrders?
VIneland Adaptive Behavior scale
In elderly patients, ________ knowledge remains steady and ________ knowledge declines.
crystallized (familiar) knowledge
fluid (reasoning) knowledge
What are the 5 stages of grief?
1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
What is the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability?
Fragile X syndrome
What is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability?
Trisomy 21
What is the most common environmental and preventable cause of intellectual disability?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What syndrome is an X-linked dominant (lethal in males) syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, developmental delay, and infantile spasms?
Aicardi syndrome
At what age should kids be able to do the following:
copy a circle
draw a cross
draw a square
draw a triange
draw a diamond
stick figures at 5y/o
3: circle
4: cross
4.5: square
5: triangle
6: diamond
T/F: Leiter International Performance Scale is a nonverbal, language free test used as a measure of intelligence in individuals who have difficulty in responding to traditional tests. It can be used to assess individuals of a wide variety of ages, between 3-75 years. As the test is nonverbal, neither the examiner nor the individual being assessed are required to speak,
True
Which theorist states you must go through one stage successfully to get to the next one AKA epigenetic priniciple?
Erikson
Mental ‘trial and error’ starts at what age?
2y/o
1y/o can walk, 2y/o can run/climb, 3y/o can stand on a foot, 4y/o hop on one foot, 5y/o skip
At what age can you drink from straw and find hidden objects?
2y/o
At what age can a child start to distinguish fantasy from reality?
5y/o
At what ages do the 4 stages of play progress?
1) Solitary play
2) Parallel play
3) Associative play
4) Cooperative play
Stages 2-4 are broadly known as peer play
1) Solitary play: 0-2.5y/o
2) Parallel play: 2.5-3 y/o
3) Associative play: 3-4 y/o
4) Cooperative play: 4-6+ y/o
For schemas which is assimilation vs. accommodation.
A) information from the environment is fit into existing schemas
B) an existing schema is changed in light of new information (kind of like having to change concept)
A) assimilation
B) accommodation
