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Psychology > Human Development > Flashcards

Human Development Flashcards

1
Q

Development occurs through multiple line which are?(4)

A

Physical
Cognitive
Intellectual
Social

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2
Q

Newborns prefer? (5)

A 
Large bright objects
Moving objects 
Curves 
Complex designs
Facial stimuli
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3
Q 
Moro reflex (startle)
Features?
A

Arms and legs extend when child is startled

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4
Q

Moro time frame

A

Birth -5months

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5
Q

CNS origin of moro

A

Vestibular nuclei in brain stem

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6
Q

Grasp reflex feature

A

Fingers curl around object placed in hand

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7
Q

Grasp time frame

A

Birth-5months

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8
Q

Grasp CNS origin

A

Vestibular nuclei in brain stem

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9
Q

Rooting reflex features

A

Baby turns face towards direction of touch

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10
Q

Rooting reflex time frame

A

Birth - 5 months

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11
Q

Tooting CNS origin

A

Trigeminal brain stem

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12
Q

Babinski reflex features

A

(Not pathological in newborns)

Stroking bottom of foot causes dorsiflexion instead of hallux flexion

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13
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes move upwards

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14
Q

Hallux flexion

A

Toes move downwards

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15
Q

Babinski time frame

A

Birth - 1 year

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16
Q

CNS ORIGIN of babinski

A

Spinal cord

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17
Q

Milestones

A

Skills achieved by a certain age which are normative markets at median ages

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18
Q

Children draw circles at

A

3

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19
Q

Cross

A

4

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20
Q

Rectangle

A

4.5

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21
Q

Square

A

5

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22
Q

Triangle

A

6

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23
Q

Diamond

A

7

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24
Q

A child sits with support at

A

4 mo

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25
Q

A child stands with help at

A

8 mo

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26
Q

A child crawls and develops a fear of falling at

A

9 mo

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27
Q

A child develops pincer grasp (strong grasp)

A

10 mo

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28
Q

A child follows objects to midline at

A

4 wks

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29
Q

A child starts to put his feet in his mouth

A

5 mo

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30
Q

Child changes hand with toys

A

6 mo

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31
Q

A child puts everything in their mouthes, rattles and bangs, grasps objects during, kicks ball, pats pictures

A

His first year

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32
Q

Child walks alone at

A

13 mo

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33
Q

Child climbs stairs at

A

18 mo

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34
Q

Child emergence of hand preference develops at

A

18 mo

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35
Q

A child can stack 3 cubes at

A

18 mo

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36
Q

A child develops high activity level, walks backwards, turns doorknobs, scribbles with crayons, aims ball at

A

2 years

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37
Q

Stack 6 cubes

A

24 mo

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38
Q

Stand on tiptoe

A

30 mo

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39
Q

A child rides tricycle, alternates feet going upstairs, toilet trains, draws recognizable figures, catches ball with arms, cuts papers, unbutton buttons.

A

3years

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40
Q

Alternative feet downstairs, counts fingers on hand, grooms self, hops on 1 foot

A

4 years old

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41
Q

Brain reaches 75% of adult weight at

A

5 yrs

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42
Q

Child draws a recognizable man, catches ball with 2 hands, dresses and undresses and complete sphincter control at

A

5 yrs

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43
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Distress in the presence of unfamiliar people

8mo- 1yrs

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44
Q

Separation anxiety

A

Distress following separation from a caretaker

8 mo - 2 yrs

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45
Q

According to jean piaget intelligence revolves around

A

Understanding and inventing new way to interact with the environment

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46
Q

Schema

A

Cognitive structure or pattern of behavior/knowledge

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47
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporation of new or novel information into existing schema

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48
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment or modification of existing schemas to facilitate comprehension of new information

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49
Q

Jane claims there are ….. stages of developing that depend on…

A

4

Cognitive model

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50
Q

Sensorimotor stage is the …. stage and it’s time frame is…..

A

Stage 1

0-2yrs

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51
Q

Sensorimotor stage features

A

Doesn’t understand temporal relationships
Exhibits egocentrism
4 months develops discriminatory smile
12 months develops object permanence.

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52
Q

Object permanence examples

A

Hidden object still exists

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53
Q

Pre operational stage is …. stage and it’s time frame is

A

Second stage

2-7yrs

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54
Q

Pre operational stafe features

A 
Animism
Authoritarian morality 
Precausal logic
Egocentrism
Views death as reversable
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55
Q

Animism

A

Characteristics of life are attributed to all objects

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56
Q

Authoritarian morality

A

Rules are sacrosanct and bad doing should be punished

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57
Q

Precausal logic

A

Non scientific based on child’s internal world

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58
Q

Concrete operational stage is the…. stage and it’s time frame is…

A

Third

7-11 years

59
Q

Concrete operational stage features

A

Child loses animism, authoritarianism, egocentrism
Preform operations involving the law of conservation
Operations
Group activity/ cooperation
See death as irreversible

60
Q

Operations

A

Mental manipulation of thoughts

61
Q

Forma operational stage is the … stage and it’s time frame is..

A

4th

11 yrs and upwards

62
Q

Formal operation stage features

A

Abstract thought
Belief system
Conceptualization
Deductive reasoning

63
Q

The human development depends on psychological development according to

A

Erik erikson

64
Q

According to Erik Erikson psychological development depends on

A

Resolution of crisis at the end of each phase of development

65
Q

Birth - 2 yrs (erik)

A

Trust vs mistrust

Develop trust that needs will be satisfied, if not will learn to mistrust

66
Q

2-4 yrs (erik)

A

Autonomy vs doubt

Gais a s sense of separation, has sense of mastery, can be stubborn, lack of autonomy causes shame/ doubt

67
Q

4-6 yrs (erik)

A

Initiative vs guilt
Develops sibling rivalry, becomes sexually curious, initiate motor and intellectual activity. Guilt and anxiety over failure

68
Q

6-12 (erik)

A

Industry vs inferiority

Learns their able to complete tasks, enter program of learning

69
Q

Teenage years (erik)

A 
Identity vs role confusion
Preoccupation with appearance 
Develops group identity 
Begin to deal with morality 
Develops group identity
70
Q

At the end of identity vs role confusion

A

Identity crisis

71
Q

Early adulthood (erik)

A

Intimacy vs isolation

Ability to share, intimate relationships

72
Q

Middle adulthood (erik)

A

Generatively vs stagnation

Have and raise children if not develop creativity

73
Q

Stagnation takes form of

A

Escapism and midlife crisis, or abuse

74
Q

Late adulthood( erik)

A

Integrity vs despair

Either satisfaction or despair and fear of death

75
Q

Who proposed stages of moral development and how many levels are there? How many stages

A

Kohlberg
6 stages
3 levels

76
Q

Level 1 kohlberg

A

Pre-conventional morality

77
Q

Pre-conventional morality stages

A

1 punishment

2 reward

78
Q

Level 2 kohlberg

A

Conventional morality

79
Q

Conventional morality stages

A

3 approval/ disapproval

4 authority

80
Q

Level 3 kohlberg

A

Post- conventional morality

81
Q

Post- conventional morality stages

A

5 social contract

6 personal principles

82
Q

Social perspective taking

A

Ability to adopt others pov and is a precursor of empathy and moral reasoning

83
Q

Sigmund Freud developed what theory and how many levels did it have?

A

Psychosexual development

5

84
Q

0-18 mo freud

A

Oral phase:

Preoccupied with feeding, pleasure in oral activity

85
Q

18-36 mo freud

A

Anal phase:

Attention focused on excretory process

86
Q

What is anally fixated

A

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder and is Result of harsh toilet training according to freud

87
Q

3-6 yrs freud

A

Phallic phase

88
Q

What is phallic phase

A

Focus on genitalia, libido directed towards others.
Involves:
Castration anxiety
Oedipal and electra

89
Q

Castration anxiety

A

Penis envy

90
Q

Difference of Oedipal and electra and what is it

A

Oedipal in males and electra in females

Attachment to opposite sex parent and aggression towards sane sex parent.

91
Q

6-12 yrs freud

A

Latency:
Lasts till puberty
Acknowledgment of reality
Sublimation of sexual energy into learning and play activities

92
Q

12- adults freud

A

Genital phase:
Sexual maturity
Identification with same sex parent

93
Q

Gender identity and when is it established

A

Child sense of manliness and femalness and is established by age 3

94
Q

Sexual identity

A

Determined by secondary sexual characteristics

95
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

Disconnect between gender identity and sexual identity

96
Q

Gender role

A

Determined by behavior exhibited by child, mostly congruent to child gender identity

97
Q

Stages of breast

5

A 
Preadolescent 
Breast buds
Areolar diameter enlarges
Secondary mound, separation of contours
Mature female
98
Q

Stages of pubic hair

5

A 
None
Long straight
Dark, curling, higher amount 
Coarse, curly adult type
Adult, extends to thigh
99
Q

Genitalia stage

A 
Child size
Enlarge scrotum, testes
Penis growth in length testes enlarge
Scrotum darkens, testes enlarge, penis grow
Adult shape
100
Q

Leading causes of death for patients over 65

4

A

Heart disease
Malignancy
Chronic lower respiratory disease
Cerebrovascular disease

101
Q

Poor diet should be fixed by

A

Low sodium diet CHF
Low cholesterol diet ASC
Low sugar diet DM

102
Q

Prevention care examples

A

Aspirin therapy
Lipid management
Exercise
Smoking cessation

103
Q

It’s important that older patients receive vaccines because

A

Illness is usually associated with higher morbidity and mortality with older patients

104
Q

What are the 2 main area’s of screening

A

Cancer

Abdominal aortic aneurysms

105
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysms screeing is important for

A

Men age 65-75

106
Q

Colorectal cancer screening is for

A

Men and women over 50

107
Q

Breast cancer screening for

A

Women over 40

108
Q

Age over ..: is a risk factor for suicide

109
Q

Sexual interests (do/don’t) decline with aging

110
Q

Best predictor of sexual activity in the elderly is

A

Availability of partner

111
Q

Changes in women sexual interest with age

A

Vaginal dryness and thinning

112
Q

Changes in men sexual interest with age

A

Slower erection, longer refractory period, more stimulation needed

113
Q

Sleep effects with aging

A

Early morning waking

Less deep sleep

114
Q

REM sleep decreases at

115
Q

Financial instability for elderly

A

Low financial literacy
High medical costs
Unfixed income

116
Q

A part of end of life care is asking about

A

DNR

will and attorneys

117
Q

Patients hope for what besides a cure

A

Quality of life
Less pain
Painless death

118
Q

Hospice care

A

Care for terminally ill with life expectancy less than 6 mo

119
Q

Hospicr care purpose

A

Providing care, support, for patients and families to help patients die with peace, comfort and dignity

120
Q

By who and where is hospice care done

A

Done be medical, psychological and spiritual support at home or a specialized facility

121
Q

What are the kubler ross stages of adjustment to loss

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining 
Depression
Acceptance
122
Q

Signs of bargaining

A

Struggling to find meaning

Reaching to others

123
Q

What is the term attachment and who created it

A

Child connection to its mother

Termed by john bowlby

124
Q

Bonding is

A

Mother connection to child

125
Q

Attachment behavior

A

Behavior displayed by an infant towards attachment figured

126
Q

What are the 4 stages of attachment to bowlby

A

Pre attachment
Attachment in the making
Clear cut attachment
Goal directed partnership

127
Q

Pre attachment

A

0-2 mo

Preference for human rather than environment comfort

128
Q

Attachment in the making

A

2-8 mo

Infant responds to caregiver only

129
Q

Clear cut attachment

A

8-24 mo

Uses caregiver as base and protests at departures

130
Q

Goal directed partnership

A

2-3 yrs
Understands caregiver goals
Learns trust and reciprocity

131
Q

Reciprocity

A

Relationships are 2 way

132
Q

Suicide is the…. cause of death among…..yrs olds

A

Second

15-29

133
Q

Rate of suicide from Low income countries

A

78% of suicide is from low income countries

134
Q

Suicide rate is 1 death every

135
Q

Suicide is the… leading cause of death in USA

136
Q

Men suicide vs women

A

Men success in suicide is higher but women try more

137
Q

Fore arms is accountable for …% of suicide

138
Q

….% of ppl who killed them selves saw a physician in the past month

139
Q

…. most successful and least to attempt

140
Q

Attachment and loss in children

A

Protest
Despair
Detachment

141
Q

Protest

A

Short term separation (up to 2wks)
Crying screaming clinging
Anger towards parents when they return

142
Q

Despair

A

Sadness
Protesting stops
Child is safe calm and withdrawn

143
Q

Deattachment

A

Child rejects caregiver and is angry at them, indifference upon caregiver return

Psychology (2 decks)

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