Human Development

Question 1

Piaget is associate with…..

Answer 1

Stages of Cognitive Development.

Question 2

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development are organizes into ___ stages which are…

Answer 2

4,
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (11+)

Question 3

Schooling in ones primary language will help when being schooled in a new language is an idea put forth by…

Answer 3

Vygotsky

Question 4

Primary language is necessary so children can _____ another new language.

Answer 4

Think about (Vygotsky says thought bolsters language and language bolsters thought.)

Question 5

Kohlberg is associated with…

Answer 5

Stages of Moral Development.

Question 6

Anxioux-Avoidant Attachment Disorder is when…

Answer 6

A child is apathetic to the comings and goings of caregiver and often avoids them upon return.

Question 7

Anxious-Resistant Attachment Disorder is when…

Answer 7

Child becomes anxious when caregiver leaves and upset while they are gone.

Question 8

Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment Disorder is when…

Answer 8

when the child becomes contradictory or confused after a caregiver leaves and returns.

Question 9

When a Child uses caregiver as a base to safely explore their surroundings, they are said to have a _____ attachment.

Answer 9

Secure.

Question 10

Positive Social and Emotional support for children among their peers is the best way for them to develop ______.

Answer 10

Higher Self-Esteem.

Question 11

A Childs temperment is determined by _____, _____ and ______, which directly influences the development of ________.

Answer 11

Inborn trains, moods, and enviroment.

Personality.

Question 12

Thought is not a social trait but a ______ one.

Answer 12

Cognitive.

Question 13

What are the three types of common eating disorders and how are they characterized?

Answer 13

1. Anorexia Nervosa: Self starvation over intense fear of gaining weight (Perfectionist)
2. Bulimia nervosa: uncontrollable eating followed by self-induced purge (Impulsive)
3. Binge eating disorder: eating large amounts of food in secrecy even when not hungry without purging.

Question 14

A Discrepancy between measured intelligence and classroom performance may be a sign of a ______.

Answer 14

Learning Disability.

Question 15

Low birthweight can result from…

Answer 15

poor prenatal nutrition, abuse of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy, smoking while pregnant ( Drugs and alcohol can bring about teratogens which can tamper with development, lead to premature births, low birthweight and still births).

Question 16

Low socioeconomic schools often have difficulties with parents not having the __________ or the ability to _________ when needed.

Answer 16

Financial means

take time off work.

Question 17

Encouraging a student to develop ________ can help reduce cultural prejudice.

Answer 17

Emotional Intelligence.

Question 18

Emotional Intelligence results in children who are _______, ________, ________, and _______.

Answer 18

Understand different perspectives.
Listen better.
Express mature cognitive-emotional feelings.
more motivated to share and cooperate with other children.

Question 19

A child who is capable of understanding different perspectives, thoughtfully listening, good at expressing mature feelings, and is motivated to cooperate and understand others is displaying advanced _______.

Answer 19

Emotional Intelligence.

Question 20

Schema

Answer 20

A mental representation of something in the world.

Question 21

Assimilation

Answer 21

When a child adds new information to an existing schema while not changing the information already present.

Question 22

Accomadation

Answer 22

When a child is met with information that conflicts with a current schema, and then adjust the schema to make sense of the new information or creates a new schema to account for it.

Question 23

Four assumptions of Piaget’s Cognitive Development:

Answer 23

1. Children naturally inspired to think, learn, and comprehend.
2. Children see the world differently than adults.
3. Children’s knowledge is organized into Schemas.
4. All learning consist of Assimilation and Accomadation.

Question 24

Animism

Answer 24

The belief that nonliving things have lifelike qualities and intentions. That the world is acting on them rather then existing inertly while they live on it.

Question 25

Transitive Inference (Transitivity) is developed during _____ state and refers to a childs ability to……

Answer 25

Concrete Operational (7-11)
Infer relationships between two things based on relationships those two things have with a third intermediary.
Koopa is Larger than Sesame
Sesame is larger than Max.
Who is larger: Koopa or Max.
A child capable of transitivity understands that the first two axioms lead to only one conclusion, that Koopa is larger than Max.

Question 26

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of _______.

Answer 26

Multiple Intelligence.

Question 27

Classical Conditioning is associated with _____ and _____. The most famous experiment used ____, which was demonstrated by….

Answer 27

Pavlov and Watson.

Stimulus-response, Pavlovs dog being conditioned to salivate at the ring of the bell, even when no food was brought.

Question 28

Classical conditioning states that behavior is learned through _____,_____ and _____.

Answer 28

Repitition, association, and anticipation.

Question 29

Operant Conditioning is associate with ______, who is more generally associated with the ______ movement.

Answer 29

BF Skinner.

The Behaviorist Movement.

Question 30

Explain Classical and Operant Conditioning, who is involved in each, what they claim, and how it applies to teaching.

Answer 30

Classical Condition is associated with John Watson and Ivan Pavlov, famous for is Dog/Bell/Food experiments. Whenever Pavlov provided food to his dogs, he would ring a bell beforehand. The bell was applied with REPITITION, so became ASSOCIATED with eating. This meant that when the dog heard the bell, it was begin salivated in ANTICIPATION of food. This bell-salivate behavior is learned, and implies that behaviors (and concepts) and that things can be learned in a structured, predictable enviroment.

Operant Conditioning is associated with BF Skinner who headed the behaviorist movement of psychology. He suggest that all behavior is learned through interaction with enviroment. Behavior that is good will be reinforced by society and hence become more likely to be repeated, while non-reinforced behavior, or behavior that is punished will reduce in likeliness to occur again., This is a powerful idea to keep in mind as a teacher because it suggest that good behaviors can be reinforced, and become more likely to continued while poor ones can be mitigated. Alter enviroment for better outcomes.

Question 31

Erik Erikson is associated with….

Answer 31

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development.

Question 32

Vygotsky emphasizes that learning is done through _____ and ______.

Answer 32

Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding.

Question 33

Bandura emphasizes that learning is done through….

Answer 33

observing and modeling. Children imitate.

Question 34

Temperment is defined as….

Answer 34

An inborn trait affecting mood, behavior, and threshold of stimulous to display emotion.

Question 35

Types of play.

Answer 35

1. Functional (Baby screwing around with sensorimotor movement)
2. Constructive (kids building with blocks)
3. Pretend (Kids imagining that doll or action figure is real, talking to imaginary friend, pretending tea is actually in teapot.
4. Rough and tumble play (simple games with energy exerted in opposition to opponents, tag, wrestling, chase.)
5. Games with rules (defined rules that order play and all agree upon.)

Question 36

Play is good for…

Answer 36

Building social skills and cognitive development.

Question 37

Enviromental agents which can cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus are called:

Answer 37

Teratogens.

Question 38

Alcohol consumption while pregnant can result in….

Answer 38

Low Birth weight, FAS, unusual facial characteristics

Question 39

Teratogens affect…

Answer 39

Normal cell division during embryonic and fetal growthj.

Question 40

The most vulnerable time in fetal development is…

Answer 40

2-8 weeks.

Question 41

Nicotine during development can lead to….

Answer 41

low birth weight, miscarriage, and poor respitory functioning.

Question 42

Drugs can lead to…

Answer 42

low birth weight, premature birth, learning disabilities and all kinds of crap.