Human Development Flashcards
Child Development
biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and end of adolescence, progresses to increasing autonomy
Growth
- change in shape, form, structure and size of body part
- Its a component of development
- ends at maturation
- product of environment and heredity
Development
- refers to overall changes in the individual
- continues until death
- product of environment and heredity
Gesell’s Maturational Theory
- Arnold Gesell was the first to come up with and name some developmental milestones
- realized importance of both nature and nurture but thought biology was most important
Developmental Milestones
a set of functional skills or age specific tasks that most children can do by a certain age
What is cognitive development?
development of mental processes of thinking and understanding and ability to use senses to gather information and make sense of the world
Thinking skills (5 in cognitive development)
learning, understanding, reasoning, remembering, problem solving
Social-Emotional Development
Interacting with others, having relationships with family, friends and teachers, cooperating and responding to feelings of others and helping themselves with self control
Gross Motor Milestone (rolling and sitting)
- Rolling front to back 5-8 mos
- Rolling back to front 6-9 mos
- Infant sits independently in tripod 5 mos
- Sits hands free 6 mos
- reach while sitting 7 mos
Gross Motor Milestones (locomotion)
- Crawling 7-10 mos
- Walking: take first steps around 10-18 mos
Neuromaturational/Hierarchichal Theory
- development depends on maturation of CNS
- distinct steps
- biology (nature) governs development
Primitive Reflexes
- Moro (birth - 3mos)
- Placing (Birth - 6 wks)
- Stepping (Birth - 6wks)
- Rooting (Birth - 4 mos)
- Sucking (Birth - 4 mos)
- Palmar grasp (Birth - 3 mos)
- Plantar grasp (Birth - 10 mos)
- Asymmetrical tonic neck (2 mos - 6 mos)
- Parachute (9mos - adulthood)
Behavioural Theory
- environment shapes both motor and cognitive development
- Environment drives development
Dynamic Systems Theory
- Motor development results from an interaction of subsystems within the person, task and environment
- related to how OTs think
- represents a “blending” of maturationist and behaviourist theories (nature and nurture)
