Human Development Flashcards
Accommodation
Process of children adjusting prior understanding in order to assimilate new experiences or information
Assimilation
Method by which children incorporate new information with previous knowledge
Bandura, Albert
Psychologist known for his social learning theory
Behaviorism
First significant development theory, addresses observable behaviors and what actions or events service as reinforcers
Concrete operational
Piagets third stage of cognitive development occurring from ages 7 to 11 in which children form the ability to reason logically
Conservation
Concept that is the basic properties of an objects are unchanging
Constructive play
Manner of play that involves making objects into something, usually occurs and toddler to preschool age
Eric Erickson
Psychologist just who developed a model of psychosocial stages of development
Extinction
Mechanism of a operent conditioning through which undesired behaviors are not reinforced and therefore extinguished
Formal operational
Pie get fourth stage of cognitive development, beginning about age 11 doing with his children develop deductive reasoning and the capacity for abstract that
Functional Play
Repetition of simple muscle movements often occurs from birth through age 2
Intristic motivation
Motivation that comes from within the student, rather than from an outside source
Kohlberg
Psychologist who is theories Atlanta stages of moral development
Law of exercise
Thorndike’s conclusion that conditioned responses are strengthened to practice and repetition
Lot of effect
Thorndike’s conclusion that reward strength and behaviors while punishment weakens behaviors
Multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner’s theory that children demonstrate various kinds of intelligences and strength
Negative reinforcement
Mechanism of operent conditioning and which desired response is allowed punishment to be escaped
Pavlov
Behavior theorist who noted for his experiments connecting stimulus and response
Piaget
Psychologist who outlined the stages of cognitive development
Positive reinforcement
Mechanism of operent conditioning in which desired responses are rewarded
Preoperational
I got second stage of cognitive development, occurring from ages 2 to 7, during which the children do not have the capacity for logical reasoning and like the ability to understand situations from more than one viewpoint
Psychosocial stages
Steps in the development of personality that occurred during live from infancy to old age
Includes:
Basic trust versus miss trust, anatomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion
Skinner
Behavior theorist noted for his theory operant conditioning
Thorndike
Psychologist known for his behaviors and theory of in Destra mental conditioning, and which desired behavior is positively reinforced by a reward
John Watson
Behavior theorist true stated that children’s behavior can be easily conditioned
Zone of proximal development
Distance between a child actual performance and his or her potential performance
According to behaviorist Skinners theory of operent conditioning which is the best strategy for modifying students behaviors?
Immediate positive reinforcement for desired behaviors – reward the student for desired behavior
The greatest influence on children during the early years of life is….
Their family
In the child’s later years peers, school and social influences will play a much larger role
Seriatation
Arranging items in a logical order
Example; arranging items longest to shortest
