Human Development

Question 1

Emotional well-being

Answer 1

lack of adequate attachment and affection can cause FTT

withdrawn/apathetic
cognitive and emotional defects

Question 2

Infancy - Erickson

Answer 2

Basic trust vs mistrust
strength=Hope

depends on how well needs are met by caregivers

Question 3

Early childhood

Answer 3

18mo-3yrs
autonomy vs shame and doubt
strength= Will

Autonomy if they have independence to explore
Shame and self-doubt if they are over-protected

Question 4

Play-age

Answer 4

initiative vs guilt
age 3-6
strength= Purpose
independence of action and the negative results of that action

Question 5

School-age (Erickson)

Answer 5

Industry vs inferiority
(Succeeding academically)
Strength= Competence

vulnerable to expectations (i.e. gifted-and-talented)

Question 6

Adolescence (Erickson)

Answer 6

Identity vs Role Confusion
Fidelity

dendrite pruning

Question 7

YA Erickson

Answer 7

Intimacy vs Isolation

Strength= Love

Question 8

Adulthood

Answer 8

Generativity vs stagnation

Strength = Care

Question 9

Old-age

Answer 9

Integrity vs despair

Strength= Wisdom

Question 10

stranger anxiety

Answer 10

caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering unfamiliar person (seen at 8-10 mo)
represents important social progress

Question 11

Separation anxiety

Answer 11

distress displayed by infants when caretaker departs

based on parents social cues
first seen at 6-8mo–>14-18mo

Question 12

Object permanence

Answer 12

understanding objects exist when out of sight
fully established at 12-18mo
*Only look for item where it was last seen, instead of using inference

Question 13

Secure attachment Pattern

Answer 13

style of attachment in which children use mom has home-base, and are upset when she leaves, and go to her when she returns

Question 14

18mo-2yrs (Toddlers)

Answer 14

Goal is to move away from primary caregiver

run off, but quickly return

“NO!”

Question 15

reactive attachment disorder of infnacy

Answer 15

exposed to really poor care or abuse

Inhibited type= withdrawn or unresponsive

Disinhibited= child readily approaches strangers

goal of tx= bone w/ one caregier

Question 16

temperament

Answer 16

patterns of arousal and emotionality that are characteristics of an individual

HOW child behaves

fairly stable into adolescence

Question 17

Goodness-of-fit model

Answer 17

development is dependent on degree of match b/w child’s temperament and the nature/environmental demands where they are being raised

some temperaments are more adaptive than others

Question 18

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 18

0-2yrs 
reacting to environment 
manipulating environment
end/means
object permanence 
cause/effect 
assimilation/accommodation

Question 19

Preoperational stage

Answer 19

2-6yrs
language
symbolic reasoning is yet to be developed
egocentrism (see the world from their perspective)
transductive thinking (lack logical, orginzed mental process)
magical thinking

Question 20

Preoperational stage

Answer 20

2-6yrs
language
symbolic reasoning 
egocentrism (see the world from their perspective)
transductive thinking 
magical thinking

Question 21

Concrete operations

Answer 21

6-11 yrs 
Logical cause/effect
reversibility of events 
social speech
understand others POV 
RULE driven

Question 22

formal operations

Answer 22

11+ yrs
abstract reasoning
metacognition
probability and hypothetical

Question 23

conservation

Answer 23

knowlege that quantity is unrelated to arrangement and physical appearance of objects (think cups of juice or hot-dog slices)

child’s understanding of area

Question 24

transformation

Answer 24

process of changing form one state to another

unable to understand how intermediate steps occur during the pre-operational phase

Question 25

Centration

Answer 25

process of concentrating on one limited aspect of stimulus and ignoring other things

preschoolers only focus on superficial or obvious elements of an event

Question 26

conservation

Answer 26

knowlege that quantity is unrelated to arrangement and physical appearance of objects

child’s understanding of area

Question 27

transformation

Answer 27

process of changing form one state to another

unable to understand how an entire process occurs

Question 28

Theroy Of mind

Answer 28

Does the child understand that other people have unique thoughts and insignts different from their own.

Age 2- understand that others have own emotions
3-4yrs- distinguish b.w somehitng in mid and reality
by end of pre-school, should be able to solve false belief

Question 29

Theroy Of mind

Answer 29

Does the child understand that other people have unique thoughts and insignts different from their own.

Age 2- understand that others have own emotions
3-4yrs- distinguish b.w somehitng in mid and reality
by end of pre-school, should be able to solve false belief

Question 30

Symbolic function

Answer 30

ability to attribute a symbol to something that is not physically present
yet to be developed in the pre-op phase, but is being developed, which allows for language sophistication

allows for a child to think BEYOND present