Human development Flashcards
1
Q
Stages of Human Development
A
- Prenatal development
- Infancy
- Toddler
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Adulthood
- Middle Adulthood
- Late life
2
Q
Maturation
A
- Physical growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior and learning.
- Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same.
– Order same but age approximate
3
Q
Motor Development
A
- Sequence is the same - but once again
timing varies. - Physical skills over time
- First learn to roll over, sit up unsupported,
crawl, walk, etc. - Maturation and Learning go hand in
hand!
4
Q
Research Methods
A
Cross-Sectional Studies
* Participants of different ages studied at the same time.
Longitudinal Studies
* One group of people studied over a period of time.
5
Q
Physical Development
A
- Focus on our physical changes over time.
6
Q
Prenatal Development
A
- Conception begins with the drop of an
egg and the release of about 200 million sperm. - The sperm seeks out the egg and attempts to penetrate the egg’s surface.
7
Q
Cognition
A
All mental activities associated with
thinking, knowing and remembering.
8
Q
Cognitive Development
A
- It was thought that kids were
just stupid versions of adults. - Then came along Jean Piaget.
- Kids do learn and think
differently than adults.
9
Q
Schemas
A
- Children view the
world through
schemas (as do adults
for the most part). - Schemas are ways we
interpret the world
around us (concepts). - It is basically what
you picture in your
head when you think
of anything.
10
Q
Social Development
A
- Up until about a year, infants do not
mind strange people (maybe because
everyone is strange to them). - At about a year, infants develop
stranger anxiety.
11
Q
Pre-conventional Morality (0-6)
A
- Morality based on rewards and punishments.
- If you are rewarded then it is OK.
- If you are punished, the act must be wrong.
- “I’m not doing it, I might get caught”
12
Q
Conventional Morality (7-11)
A
- Look at morality based on how others see you.
- If your peers , or society, thinks it is wrong, then so do you.
- “I’m not doing it, what would the teacher think?”
13
Q
Post-conventional Morality (12 Up)
A
- Based on self-defined ethical principles.
- Your own personal set of ethics.
- “I’m not doing it, it’s against my principles.”
14
Q
morality - Criticisms of Kohlberg
A
- Carol Gilligan pointed out that Kohlberg only tested boys.
- Boys tend to have a more absolute value of morality.
- Girls tend to look at situational factors
15
Q
Erik Erikson
A
- A neo-Freudian.
- Worked with Anna Freud.
- Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others.
- 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development.
- Each stage centers on a social conflict.
