Human Circulatory System

Question 1

Red blood cell function

Answer 1

Carry oxygen around the body

Question 2

Haemoglobin➕ oxygen

Answer 2

Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 3

haemoglobin

Answer 3

• Contained in red blood cells
• Rich in iron which carries O2

Question 4

What gives blood its red colour?

Answer 4

Haemoglobin

Question 5

How is a red blood cell adapted for maximum diffusion of oxygen?

Answer 5

Biconcave shape 🟰 Large surface area

Question 6

How is a red blood cell adapted to have more space to pack lots of haemoglobin?

Answer 6

No nucleus

Question 7

White blood cell purpose

Answer 7

Prevent disease by destroying microorganisms

Question 8

⬆️ haemoglobin ⬆️ 🟰 ❓

Answer 8

⬆️ oxygen ⬆️

Question 9

Lymphocytes

Answer 9

Produce special chemicals called antibodies

Question 10

Phagocytes

Answer 10

Engulf and digest, microbes in process called phagocytosis

Question 11

Lobed nucleus

Answer 11

Phagocyte

Question 12

Purpose of platelets

Answer 12

Involved in blood clotting process

Question 13

Platelets

Answer 13

Cell fragments

Question 14

Blood clotting process

Answer 14

1. Soluble plasma protein
2. fibrinogen
3. insoluble protein fibrin
4. meshwork across damaged area
5. Red blood cells get caught
6. Blood clots
7. ⬇️ blood loss⬇️ ➕ ⬇️micro organisms⬇️

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

The liquid part of blood

Question 16

Plasma purpose

Answer 16

Transport medium

Question 17

What does plasma transport?

Answer 17

• Blood cells 🩸
• food molecules (glucose and amino acids)🌮
• hormones 😡
• CO2 💨
• urea 🚽

Question 18

What keeps plasma concentration stable?

Answer 18

Salts and other chemicals

Question 19

What is the concentration of plasma similar to?

Answer 19

Blood cells

Question 20

Why is it important that the concentration of plasma is similar to blood cells?

Answer 20

Red blood cells placed in water will take in water by osmosis and burst in the process called cell lysis

Question 21

Artery: wall thickness

Answer 21

Thick

Question 22

Vein: wall thickness

Answer 22

Relatively thin

Question 23

Capillary: wall thickness

Answer 23

Very thin (one fell thick)

Question 24

Artery: presence of muscle and elastic fibres

Answer 24

Present

Question 25

Vein : presence of muscle and elastic fibres

Answer 25

Present

Question 26

Capillary : presence of muscle and elastic fibres

Answer 26

Absent

Question 27

Artery: blood pressure

Answer 27

High

Question 28

Vein : blood pressure

Answer 28

Low

Question 29

Capillary : blood pressure

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

Artery : valves

Answer 30

None

Question 31

Vein : valves

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Capillary: valves

Answer 32

None

Question 33

Artery : direction of blood flow

Answer 33

**A**way from heart (**A**rtery)

Question 34

Vein : direction of blood flow

Answer 34

Back **in**to heart (Ve**in**)

Question 35

Capillary : direction of blood flow

Answer 35

LINKS arteries and veins

Question 36

Levels of oxygen : artery

Answer 36

High

Question 37

Levels of oxygen: vein

Answer 37

Low

Question 38

Capillary levels of oxygen and CO2

Answer 38

Mix

Question 39

What type of blood do arterys (normally) carry?

Answer 39

Oxygenated blood (blood rich in oxygen) to body organs

Question 40

What type of blood do veins (normally) carry?

Answer 40

Deoxygenated blood (blood with little oxygen) from the body organs **back to heart**

Question 41

What are the exceptions to the normal direction of blood flow?

Answer 41

- **pulmonary artery** - carries **deoxygenated** blood 🩸 to lungs 🫁 - **pulmonary vein** - carries **oxygenated** blood 🩸 to heart 🫀

Question 42

Blood vessel function : pulmonary vein

Answer 42

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs 🫁 to heart 🫀

Question 43

Blood vessel function : aorta

Answer 43

Carries oxygenated blood from heart 🫀to body 🕺

Question 44

Blood vessel function : vena cava

Answer 44

Carries deoxygenated blood from body 🕺to heart🫀

Question 45

Blood vessel function : pulmonary artery

Answer 45

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Question 46

Blood vessel function : hepatic artery

Answer 46

Carries blood containing oxygen and glucose 🍬 to the liver

Question 47

Blood vessel function : hepatic portal-vein

Answer 47

Carries blood containing digested food (glucose and amino acids) from the small intestines to the liver

Question 48

Blood vessel function : hepatic vein

Answer 48

Carries blood containing glucose and amino acids from the liver around the body; also, COz (from respiration) back to heart and lungs.

Question 49

Blood vessel function : renal artery

Answer 49

Carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion

Question 50

Blood vessel function : renal vein

Answer 50

Carries purified blood (low in urea) from the kidney to the vena cava; also, COz (from respiration) back to the heart and lungs

Question 51

Right side of heart 🫁

Answer 51

- **deoxygenated blood** - Pumps blood to **lungs** 🫁

Question 52

Left side of lungs 🕺

Answer 52

- oxygenated blood - Pumps blood (that has returned from lungs🫁) around body 🕺

Question 53

Valves

Answer 53

- Prevent back-flow - ensure that heart acts as unidirectional pump

Question 54

Cardiac muscle

Answer 54

- In hearts wall - never tires

Question 55

Double circulatory system

Answer 55

Blood travels through the heart 🫀 twice on one circulation of the body 🕺

Question 56

How does the heart itself receive blood?

Answer 56

Coronary arteries

Question 57

Coronary arteries

Answer 57

- supply heart itself w/ blood - branch from the aorta - fine blood vessels that run over the outer surface of the heart 🫀

Question 58

Ways regular exercise benefits circulatory system

Answer 58

- **strengthens heart muscle**💪 ➡️ this will lead to ⬆️ cardiac output (⬆️bpm) even when not exercising ➡️ heart is under ⬇️less strain⬇️ bc pumps blood less often to get same amount around body 🕺