Human cell and cellular respiration Flashcards
What is the function of the Cell Membrane
- Controls what moves in and out of the cell
- Covers the cell’s cytoplasm
- Connects to other cells
What happens in Passive transport?
Substances move across the cell membrane due to kinetic energy
What happens in Active transport?
Substances move across the cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP)
Is cellular energy required in Passive transport?
No
Is cellular energy required in Active transport?
Yes
How does Passive transport move down their concentration gradient?
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Filtration
How does Active transport move against their concentration?
Transport in vesicles
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Function of an Ion Channel
Allows ions to move in and out of the cell
Function of Carriers
Selectively move substances through the membrane
Functions of receptors
Sites for hormones, neurotransmitters to bind
What is the Sodium Potassium pump?
Pumps Sodium out
Pumps Potassium in
Adipose is what sort of tissue?
Connective tissue
What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?
Potassium
How is glucose transported across the cell membrane?
ATP
CO2
HEAT
H20
What are 6 functions of the skin?
Protection Sensation Excretion Temperature regulation Blood storage Synthesis of vitamin D
Name 2 places where hair doesn’t grow
Palms of hands
Soles of feet
Lips
Eyelids
Why does wrinkling of skin occur as we age
Collagen fibres decrease in number & stiffen.
Elastic fibres become less elastic
Name 6 things sensory neurons in the skin detect
Touch/Pressure Vibration Tickle Heat Cold Pain
Name 2 things which affect the rate of enzyme activity
Temperature and pH
The tissue that lines the blood vessel wall is
Simple squamous epithelium
Name 2 factors that are part of the matrix of bone
Collagen fibres and calcium salts
How does a potassium ion move from the outside to the inside of a cell?
Sodium postassium pump
What are the 4 basic types of tissue?
Connective
Nervous
Epithelial
Muscular
What is the difference between the mucous membrane and the serous membrane?
Mucous membrane lines cavities that are open to the exterior and serous membrane line body cavities that do not open to the exterior
Define a pathogen
Disease causing microorganism
What is a fomite and how might it be involved with transmitting disease?
A non-living object that can transmit by indirect contact - a microorganism is deposited in some way and then ‘picked up’ by a new host
What is a tract?
A bundle of axons located in the CNS
What is a nerve?
A cord like bundle of axons and their connective tissue located in the PNS
Identify 3 situations which allow opportunist to become pathogens
Removal of normal flora - due to antibiotics
Compromised immune system eg sickness
Immature immune system eg babies
How does an oxygen molecule pass through the cell membrane?
Simple diffusion
Simple diffusion can be influenced by
Concentration gradient
