Human Body Systems Biomedical Science 3.2.1-3.2.5

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

Natural Immunity-what your genetic determine

Question 2

Herd Immunity

Answer 2

So many people are protected that the non-protected are also protected

Question 3

Acquired Immunity (examples)

Answer 3

Adaptive Immunity and Passive Immunity

Question 4

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 4

a type of of acquired immunity when you are exposed to a certain illness or vaccination

Question 5

Passive Immunity

Answer 5

a type of acquired immunity that comes from breast feeding or placenta (short term)

Question 6

Antigen

Answer 6

proteins that are found on the cell surface of pathogens and signal they are non-cells

Question 7

Antibodies

Answer 7

proteins that are made by B-cells to attach to specific antigens

Question 8

Antivirals

Answer 8

medicines that are only good for killing bacteria

Question 9

Skin

Answer 9

1st Line of Defense: Sheils/forms a barrier with compact cells

Question 10

Mucous Lining

Answer 10

1st Line of Defense: Traps bacteria/ pathogens

Question 11

Mast Cells

Answer 11

2nd Line of Defense: assists with allergic and inflammatory responses (releases histamine which causes blood cells to dilate and become more pours so cells can enter)

Question 12

Basophil

Answer 12

2nd Line of Defense: similar to mast cells (does the same thing)

Question 13

Macrophages

Answer 13

2nd Line of Defense: Non-specific/specific and consumes pathogens

Question 14

Complement System

Answer 14

2nd Line of Defense: targets Non-specific and signals macrophages and guides them to the pathogens

Question 15

Cytotoxic T-Cells (Killer Cells)

Answer 15

3rd Line of Defense: destroys infected cells, part or cell medicated response, and releases perforin into infected cells so they blow up.

Question 16

T-Helper Cells

Answer 16

3rd Line of Defense: releases a signal after responding to macrophages and asks for T-Cells. Also asks for antigens

Question 17

B-Cells

Answer 17

3rd Line of Defense: White blood Cells that have the ability to make antibodies reproduce

Question 18

Memory B- Cells

Answer 18

3rd Line of Defense: Have the memory of antigens they come into contact with, and wakes up B- Cells

Question 19

Memory T- Cells

Answer 19

3rd Line of Defense: Have the memory of antigens they come into contact with, and wakes up Cytotoxic T- Cells

Question 20

Prions

Answer 20

Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins

Question 21

Examples of Prions

Answer 21

Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins

Question 22

Viruses

Answer 22

Non-living microscopic agents made up of an outer protein shell, called a capsid, and either DNA or RNA.

Question 23

Examples of Viruses

Answer 23

• Common cold (usually caused by rhinovirus).
• The flu (influenza).
• COVID-1

Question 24

Bacteria

Answer 24

Living, microscopic, unicellular, prokaryotic organisms

Question 25

Examples of Bacteria

Answer 25

-E. coli
- Cyanobacteria
-Bacillus

Question 26

Protists

Answer 26

Living, Microscopic, single celled eukaryotic, animal-like organisms

Question 27

Examples of Protists

Answer 27

-Forams
-ciliate
-excavata

Question 28

Helminths

Answer 28

living, multicellular, eukaryotic worms

Question 29

Example of helminths

Answer 29

-tapeworm
-roundworm
-flatworm

Question 30

fungi

Answer 30

living, multicellular eukaryotic organisms

Question 31

Fungi Examples

Answer 31

-Penny Bun
-Agaricus
-Fly Agaric

Question 32

Epidermis

Answer 32

Acts as a protective barrier, makes new skin, protects body, provides skin pigmentation

Question 33

Dermis

Answer 33

Has collagen and elastin, grows hair, makes oil, produces sweat, supplies blood

Question 34

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue

Answer 34

A fatty connective tissue that helps protect the body

Question 35

Hair Follicle

Answer 35

Used as an immune response against pathogens

Question 36

Arrector pili

Answer 36

connect hair follicle and connective tissue

Question 37

Sudorferous gland

Answer 37

secreates sweat

Question 38

sebaceous gland

Answer 38

produces and secretes sebum

Question 39

First Degree Burns

Answer 39

Effects only the epidermis layer making turn red, dry, with no blisters

Question 40

Second Degree Burns

Answer 40

Effects the epidermis and part of the dermis making it red, blistered, and swollen

Question 41

Third Degree Burns

Answer 41

Destroys the epidermis and dermis and sometimes effects bones, muscles, and tendons (4th degree) There is no feeling in the effected area

Question 42

Lymphatic System

Answer 42

The lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, and lymph nodes. It transports clear watery fluid called lymph

Question 43

Immune System

Answer 43

Uses Organs and cells from other body systems to protect from outside invaders

Question 44

Lymphatic System: Lymph Nodes

Answer 44

glands in the immune system that usually enlare in the response to a bacterial or viral infection

Question 45

Lymphatic System: Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 45

Used to have lymph travel through the body for fluid balance

Question 46

Lymphatic System: Thymus

Answer 46

helps in the development of T-Cells

Question 47

Lymphatic System: Spleen

Answer 47

Filters blood of foreign cells in need of replacement

Question 48

Lymphatic System: Tonsils

Answer 48

help stop germs from entering the body through the mouth or nose and they contain white blood cells which help kill germs

Question 49

Lymphatic System: Liver

Answer 49

contributes to the immune system by collecting and eliminating from the blood that passes through

Question 50

Lymphatic System: Bone Marrow

Answer 50

Produces new blood cells both red and white

Question 51

Virus Cycle: Attachment

Answer 51

The virus attaches to the surface to the host cell. The attachment of the virus to the host cell is highly specific to each virus. Viruses can attach to lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells.