Human Body Systems: Flashcards
All humans began life as a single cell, which is called a….
Zygote
Humans grow as a result of..
Mitosis: The division of cells.
How do cells specialize?
By turning specific genes on and off. This will lead to differentiation between cells.
Digestive
Breaks down food and absorbs its nutrients.
Parts of the system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines
Circulatory
Carries gasses, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and gets rid of wastes
Parts of the system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Materials usually enter and leave the body through…
Diffusion
What organ pumps the circulatory system
The heart
What types of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
red blood cells
The heart pumps… to the brain and …. transports it
Pumps blood and plasma is a fluid that helps this transport
Transported materials include: oxygen
From lungs to all cells of the body
Transported materials include: hormones
From gland cells to target cells
Transported materials include: wastes
From all cells to excretory organs
Respiratory
Takes in oxygen and releases waste gases.
Part of the system: lungs, alveoli, diaphragm
Microscopic sacs surrounded by capillaries where oxygen enters the blood and CO2 leaves the blood.
Alveoli
Excretory
Removal of metabolic wastes
Parts: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra
Nervous(& main organs)
Controls your movements, thoughts and sensations.
Main Organs: Brain & Spinal Cord
Endocrine
Uses hormones to control and coordinate your body’s metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth etc.
Parts of the system: Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads
What are hormone levels controlled by?
Feedback mechanisms
Immune system
System that protects the body from pathogens
Pathogen
Disease causing organism: viruses, bacteria, parasites
White blood cells function(the main component of the immune system)
Identify and destroy pathogens + Make antibodies
Antibodies
proteins made by white blood cells to attack pathogens
Vaccine
An injection of a dead or weakened pathogens
