Chemistry of Living things

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

A balanced state in the body

Question 2

Failure to maintain homeostasis results in

Answer 2

Disease or Death

Question 3

Homeostasis is maintained using feedback mechanisms which is..

Answer 3

Cycles in which the product of one reaction causes another to start or stop

Question 4

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 4

Balanced and unchanging

Question 5

Life Processes(Name them)

Answer 5

Make up an organism’s metabolism which is all the chemical processes used to maintain homeostasis
(7: 1-Nutrition 2-Respiration 3-Synthesis 4-Transport 5-Regulation 6-Excretion 7-Reproduction)

Question 6

Nutrition

Answer 6

Using nutrients for growth, synthesis, repair and energy

Question 7

Respiration

Answer 7

Converts energy in food into a usable form(ATP)

Question 8

Synthesis

Answer 8

Making complex chemicals from simple substances

Question 9

Transport

Answer 9

Absorbing and distributing materials throughout the body

Question 10

Regulation

Answer 10

The control and coordination of life processes

Question 11

Excretion

Answer 11

Removing of wastes produces by metabolic activities

Question 12

Reproduction

Answer 12

Passes on genes to offspring

Question 13

Inorganic Chemicals are.. and include

Answer 13

Simple compounds: Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen

Question 14

Water

Answer 14

(H2O) Most common substance in living things.

Dissolves other molecules into solution, allowing them to be transported through the body.

Question 15

Oxygen

Answer 15

(O2) Needed by most organisms for cellular respiration and is released by plants and algae as a waste product of photosynthesis

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

Process that uses oxygen to extract energy from glucose. (sugar) Used by most organisms

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

Process that extracts energy from glucose without using oxygen.
Uses less energy, so used by some simple organisms

Question 18

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 18

• (CO2) With water, used by plants to make
  glucose(photosynthesis)
• Waste product of aerobic respiration

Question 19

Nitrogen

Answer 19

(N2)

Needed to make proteins

Question 20

Acids and Bases

Answer 20

Used for different functions in the body(such as digestion) and is measured by a pH scale
pH scale ranges(1-14) 
0-6 is Acidic 
7 is neutral 
8-14 is base

Question 21

Organic Compounds are and include

Answer 21

Larger, more complex compounds. And are synthesized from simpler substances.
Include: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 22

What are the building blocks of the organic molecules?

(1.Carbohydrates 2.Proteins, 3.Lipids, 4.Nucleic Acid)

Answer 22

1. Glucose (Simple Sugars), 2. Amino Acids

3. Fats, oils, and waxes 4. Nucleotides

Question 23

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 23

Provide energy and store energy

Question 24

Functions of Proteins

Answer 24

They have many different functions that are determined by their shape.

Question 25

Lock and Key model

Answer 25

Proteins must have the right shape to fit with other molecules because change of shape will affect its function

Question 26

Types of Proteins(5 main)

Answer 26

Hormones, Cell receptors, Antibodies, Enzymes, Neurotransmitters

Question 27

Enzymes are

Answer 27

Catalysts, they control all chemical reactions in the body.

Question 28

Function of Nucleic Acids(DNA and RNA)

Answer 28

Make up genes and chromosomes