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Human Biology 1 > HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION > Flashcards

HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define histology

A

The study of tissues

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2
Q

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called
________ anatomy.

A

Gross

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3
Q

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

A

to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.

A

Hip

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5
Q

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform
specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

A

Organ

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6
Q

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

A

enhancement of labor contractions

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7
Q

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left

A

Intestines

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8
Q

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

A

Lining the thoracic cavity

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9
Q

Which system responds the fastest to external stimuli

A

Nervous

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10
Q

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

A

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

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11
Q

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

A

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

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12
Q

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organs

A

Atoms,molecules,cells,tissues,organs

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13
Q

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person’s
brain?
A) PET
B) DSA
C) MRI
D) X ray

A

MRI

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14
Q

List the parts of the dorsal cavity

A

Spinal cord,cranial cavity,vertebral cavity

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15
Q

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A

Upper left

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic
imbalance?
A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

A

A

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17
Q

The term pollex refers to the ________.

A

Thumb

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18
Q

Survival needs of the body

A

Nutrients,water,amphoteric pressure, oxygen

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19
Q

What is a Sagittal section

A

A vertical section through the body dividing it into left and right

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20
Q

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior(near the front)and posterior
regions called?

A

Transverse

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21
Q

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity.

A

Dorsal

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22
Q

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
A) systemic anatomy
B) cardiovascular anatomy
C) cardiovascular physiology
D) systemic physiology

A

C

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23
Q

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because

A

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

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24
Q

Why does the study of anatomy and physiology describes a healthy body

A

A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.

A healthy body establishes what “normal” is

The Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of
all human bodies.

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25
Q

the best explanation for why cells are considered the
smallest units of living things.

A

Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be
considered alive.

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26
Q

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the
category of ________.

A

maintaining boundaries

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27
Q

If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of
catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

A

growth

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28
Q

Anatomical position is important because ________.

A

it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate
anatomical relationships

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29
Q

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. What do they act as

A

Receptors

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30
Q

You are asked to take a person’s heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look
for this pulse ________.

A

on the posterior side of the knee

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31
Q

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the
thermometer ________.

A

in the armpit

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32
Q

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral
cavity.

A

stomach and liver: superficial

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33
Q

What does the “principle of complementarity of structures and function” mean?

A

What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or “structure determines
function.”

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34
Q

The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

A

olecranal

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35
Q

The term that describes the neck region is ________.

A

Cervical

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36
Q

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

A

Medial

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37
Q

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the
function of specific organs or organic systems.

A

Physiology

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38
Q

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

A

Pelvic

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39
Q

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

A

visceral peritoneum

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40
Q

What is the function of the serous membranes?

A

They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.

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41
Q

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called

A

responsiveness or excitability

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42
Q

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway
called?

A

afferent pathway

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43
Q

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

A

negative

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44
Q

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts?

A

The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not
reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection
from the bony pelvis.

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45
Q

What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

A

They prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

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46
Q

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed
and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

A

Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes
we associate with aging.

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47
Q

Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory
system. In other words, describe how they work together.

A

The blood is provided a consistent supply of oxygen from the lungs while the
circulatory system delivers carbon dioxide which will be removed from the body by the
respiratory system.

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48
Q

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the
back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the
abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to
damage than others?

A

The abdominal organs are the least protected in the body because they are not
surrounded by a bony covering such as the ribs, pelvis, or cranium.

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49
Q

Steve was injured in a football accident. X-ray examination showed a fracture
underlying his left brachial deformity. What part of his body was injured?

A

His left upper arm

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50
Q

The nurse charted: “Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg.”
Describe where the wound is located.

A

The wound is located on the outer side of the leg, the peroneal or fibular area.

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51
Q

Why is it helpful to learn about the workings of the human body

A

To appreciate emerging discoveries in molecular genetics, to make use of published facts to stay healthy, to understand new technologies for detecting and treating diseases

52
Q

Anatomy

A

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

53
Q

Physiology

A

Studies the function of body parts and how they interact with one another to carry out life processes

54
Q

Integumentary system

A

Forms external body covering,synthesizes vitamin D, houses sweat and oil glands

55
Q

Skeletal system

A

Protects and supports organs, blood cells are formed within the bones

56
Q

Muscular system

A

Maintains posture, produces heat, facial expression

57
Q

Nervous system

A

Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

58
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processe

59
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood vessels transports blood which carriers o2,c02, nutrients, wastes, etc. the heart pumps blood

60
Q

Gross/macroscopic anatomy

A

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

61
Q

Regional anatomy

A

The study of body parts in a particular area of the body

62
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Body structures studied system by system

63
Q

Surface anatomy

A

The study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

64
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

The study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

65
Q

Cytology

A

Considers the cells of the body

66
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

67
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Traces structural changes throughout the lifespan

68
Q

Embryology

A

Considers developmental changes that occur before birth

69
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

Studies internal structures as visualized by x ray images

70
Q

Parts of studying anatomy

A

Observation,manipulation,palpitation,auscultation

71
Q

Renal physiology

A

Concerns kidney function and urine production

72
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Concerns the workings of the nervous system

73
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

Concerns the operation of the heart and blood vessels

74
Q

Why are body cells interdependent

A

Due to the fact that humans are multicellular organisms and so vital body functions are parceled among different organ systems

75
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates intracellular fluid inside cells from extra cellular fluid outside

76
Q

Contractility

A

The muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening

77
Q

X ray imaging

A

Uses short wavelength EM waves
Dense structures appear white
Detects broken bones, breast tumors

78
Q

CT scans

A

Used for images of bones,soft tissues, blood vessels
NOT nervous and joint structures

79
Q

MRI

A

Images of brain,spinal cord,and nerves
NOT bones

80
Q

FMRI

A

Allows visualization of activity in brain

81
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

Detection of blood vessel abnormalities

82
Q

PET scan

A

Detects spread of cancer and monitors its treatment, used to diagnose Alzheimer’s

83
Q

Ultrasound

A

Monitor fetus, diagnosing abdominal or pelvic disorders, detects atherosclerosis

84
Q

The only cavity that opens to environment

A

Nasal cavity

85
Q

What separates left and right pleural cavities

A

Mediastinum

86
Q

Location of heart

A

Pericardial cavity

87
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Consists of abdominal [ stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, small and large intestines.
Pelvic (bladder and internal reproductive organs)

88
Q

Brain is in

A

Cranial cavity

89
Q

Spinal cord is in

A

Spinal cavity

90
Q

When pointing at the lungs

A

It is thoracic cavity

91
Q

The small space between thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

92
Q

The cavity which is below the thoracic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity

93
Q

The cavity at the very bottom

A

Pelvic cavity

94
Q

To what system does larynx belong to

A

Respiratory system

95
Q

The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the __________ system.

A

Skeletal

96
Q

The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is termed __________.

A

Digestion

97
Q

The ability to sense changes and react to them is termed __________ or __________.

A

Irritability or responsiveness

98
Q

The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center’s response (output) is called the __________.

A

Effector

99
Q

The navel is __________ to the spine.

A

ventral or anterior which means front of

100
Q

The armpit area is called the __________ region

A

Axillary

101
Q

A cut that is made along the midline is called a __________ section.

A

midsagittal or median

102
Q

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the __________ region.

A

hypogastric

103
Q

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the __________ cavity.

A

dorsal

104
Q

The __________ system is composed of kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

A

The __________ system is composed of kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

105
Q

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.

A

Anterior

106
Q

The three medial regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are __________, __________, and __________.

A

epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region

107
Q

The function of the __________ system is to control body activities via hormones.

A

Endocrine

108
Q

The patellar region is __________ to the popliteal region.

A

ventral or anterior

109
Q

The abdominal cavity has __________ quadrants and __________ regions.

A

4,9

110
Q

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Superior

111
Q

The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A

Medial

112
Q

Which of the following activities does not represent an anatomical study:
A) making a section through the heart to observe its interior
B) examining the surface of a bone
C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
D) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
E) observing the parts of a reproducing cell

A

E

113
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex
Chemical level- cellular level

A

Chemical is simpler than cellular

114
Q

Which of these structures is the most complex:
A) an organ
B) a tissue
C) a molecule
D) organ system
E) a cell

A

A cell

115
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood

116
Q

The muscular system consists of the:
A) skeletal muscles
B) muscles of the heart
C) muscles in the walls of hollow organs
D) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart
E) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs

A

A

117
Q

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function: A) maintaining boundaries
B) movement
C) responsiveness D) nutrients
E) metabolism

A

Metabolism

118
Q

Opposite of medial

A

Lateral

119
Q

Opposite of superior

A

Inferior

120
Q

Opposite of anterior

A

Posterior

121
Q

Opposite of proximal

A

Distal

122
Q

Opposite of superficial

A

Deep

123
Q

Opposite of unilateral

A

Bilateral

124
Q

Right side of abdomen includes

A

Right hypochondriac,right lumbar,right iliac

125
Q

Middle of stomach includes

A

Epigastric region,umbilical region,hypogastric region

126
Q

Left side of abdomen includes

A

Left hypochondriac,left lumbar,left iliac

Human Biology 1 (3 decks)

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