Human Body/Biomechanics & Human Movement/Neuromuscular System & Motor Control Flashcards
What are the directional terms?
Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal
The sternum is __________ to the shoulders.
Medial
Medial - towards the midline of the body. Medial=middle.
What are the 5 types of bones?
Flat bones, Long bones, Short bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid & Sutural Bones
What are the types of joints in the body?
Fibrous (immovable) - E.g. Bones of the cranium. Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) - E.g. vertebral column. Synovial (freely movable) - E.g. Knee, shoulder, hip.
What are the characteristics of a synovial joint?
- Ligaments 2. Tendons 3. Hyaline (articular) cartilage 4. Synovial fluid
What type of synovial joint is the top of the neck?
Pivot joint
What are the joint actions?
Flexion, extension, pronation, supination, adduction, abduction, rotation, inversion, eversion, circumduction, plantar flexion, dorsi flexion.
Demonstrations will vary.
What is the function of the muscular system?
Produce movement to walk, run, jump, breathe, digest and excrete. Provide stabilisation of posture and internal organs. Generate heat to maintain body temperature.
What are the types of muscle contractions?
Isotonic - A change in muscle length (eccentric - lengthens, concentric - shortens) E.g. Performing a bicep curl, running, performing a push up. Isometric - No change in the muscle length E.g. Holding a grocery bag, performing a wall sit or plank.
Outline the origin and insertion point of a muscle.
Origin: The fixed attachment point of a muscle. Insertion: The movable attachment point of a muscle.
What are sporting examples of where slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibre would be best used?
Slow twitch - E.g. Marathon, triathlon, cross country. Fast-twitch - Sprinting, weight-lifting, middle distance running/rowing.
Explain the difference between an agonist, antagonist and a stabilising muscle.
Agonist: The primary muscle responsible for a particular movement. Antagonist: The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist. Stabiliser: Muscles that help to maintain posture or stabilise a joint during movement.
Example: In a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is the agonist, the triceps brachii is the antagonist, and muscles like the rotator cuff help stabilise the shoulder joint.
Perform a push up and explain the agonist, antagonist and stabiliser muscles.
Agonist Muscles: Pectoralis major, Deltoids, Triceps brachii. Antagonist Muscles: Latissimus dorsi. Stabiliser Muscles: Core muscles, Rotator cuff muscles, Trapezius.
What are the 4 key principles of biomechanical movement?
Motion, Balance and stability, Fluid mechanics, Force
What is linear motion?
Movement in a straight line.
E.g. Swimming laps in a pool.
What is momentum?
Momentum is the measure of an object’s motion and is calculated by multiplying the object’s mass by its velocity. Because momentum is calculated using velocity, it is a vector. That is, it has both direction and magnitude.
What is velocity?
Velocity is the displacement of an object over time and includes direction.
What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
What is the difference between balance and stability?
Balance refers to the ability to maintain the center of mass over the base of support. Stability is the resistance to disturbance.
