Centre of Gravity in the Anatomical Position/ Biomechanical Principles of Fluid Mechanics/ Newton’s Laws of Motion/How Understanding Motion Enhances Safe Movement Flashcards
What is the centre of gravity and where is it for a human standing in the anatomical position?
The centre of gravity is the point at which gravity appears to be acting upon an object, this is for the most part the same as the point around which the mass of an object or person is equally distributed in all directions. For the average human, the centre of gravity is at the centre of the pelvis when they are standing in the anatomical position.
True or False? The larger the base of support the more stable the person/athlete is able to be.
True
Explain how understanding motion can enhance safe movement.
Understanding the principles of motion, such as speed, velocity, acceleration, and momentum, helps us to analyse how our bodies move and interact with the environment. For instance, understanding the concept of momentum can help us to control our movements during activities like running or jumping.
Outline biomechanical principles associated with Fluid Mechanics.
Flotation - Floatation is caused by a force known as buoyancy. For an object to float in water it must be less dense (mass per unit of volume) than the water. Centre of buoyancy - the centre point of the mass below the water and is the point through which the buoyant force acts. Fluid resistance - drag force and lift force.
Outline how biomechanical principles can increase movement for one of the following: An amputee, A person with arthritis, An elderly person.
Answers will vary.
E.g. A person with arthritis: Biomechanical principles can be used to design assistive devices and exercise programs that reduce joint stress and improve mobility for individuals with arthritis.
Describe one of Newton’s laws of motion.
Newton’s laws of motion are: 1. Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. 2. The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the force causing the change and occurs in the direction of the force. 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the function and structure of the respiratory system?
The respiratory system refers to the set of organs that allows a person to breath (air in and out).
What is the name given to the respiratory and circulatory system to show they are interconnected?
The cardiorespiratory or cardiovascular system.
What are the differences between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation?
Pulmonary Circulation - Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, and then returns the oxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic Circulation - Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues, where it delivers oxygen and nutrients and collects waste products.
What factors impact on the efficiency of the cardiovascular system?
Health behaviours (PA, smoking, diet, stress), Age, Health conditions such as vascular disease, Altitude, Haemoglobin levels.
Describe the function of the circulatory system.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is a network of blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. This system is vital for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.
How can nutrition impact the endocrine system?
Nutrition can influence hormone levels and overall health, affecting bodily functions.
What is the function and structure of the digestive system?
Organs: Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder. Functions: Breaks down food into nutrients (carbs, fats, proteins), Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream, Eliminates waste.
Explain the role of the digestive system in movement.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients the body can absorb for energy. This energy fuels muscles for movement and physical activity. Poor digestion can lead to nutrient deficiencies, impacting energy levels and performance.
How does the endocrine system influence movement?
Hormones: Regulate metabolism and energy availability. Influence muscle growth, strength, and endurance. Stress hormones like cortisol can affect muscle function and performance.
What are the factors that can negatively impact the digestive system?
Stress: Can cause nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, ulcers, and IBS. Diet: High-fat, low-fibre intake, acidic/spicy foods, and excessive alcohol can all disrupt digestion.
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates various bodily functions through hormone secretion.
