Human Biology: Test 4 (Chapter 13, 14, 16)

Question 1

What are the functions performed by the three types of neurons?

Answer 1

Sensory neurons take information from sensory receptors to the CNS, Interneurons occur within the CNS, motor neurons take information from the CNS to effectors.

Question 2

What is an action potential and what are it’s two parts?

Answer 2

An action potential is a rapid change in polarity as the nerve impulse occurs, It’s two parts are depolarization and repolarization.

Question 3

Explain the transmission of a nerve signal across a synapse.

Answer 3

When a neurotransmitter molecule is released from an axon it pulls into a synaptic cleft.

Question 4

Name the three major parts of the brain.

Answer 4

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem.

Question 5

What are the association areas and what roles do they play?

Answer 5

It’s an area of the brain where we make sense of images and sounds.

Question 6

Describe the various types of memory.

Answer 6

Short-term memory, long-term memory, skill memory.

Question 7

Distinguish between somatic and automatic nervous systems.

Answer 7

The nerves in the somatic system serve the skin, skeletal muscles and tendons and is a voluntary system.
The automatic system regulates the activity of cardiac and smooth muscles and glands and it handles the involuntary movements.

Question 8

Distinguish between exteroreceptors and interoreceptors.

Answer 8

Exteroreceptors detect stimuli from outside the body while interoreceptors detect internal stimuli.

Question 9

What are three abnormalities from misshapen eyes?

Answer 9

Nearsighted, farsighted, astigmatism.

Question 10

Which ear structures are involved in equilibrium?

Answer 10

The semicircular canals and the hair embedded cells in them.

Question 11

What type of cell divisions produces gametes and why is it important?

Answer 11

Meiosis produces gametes and it is important because it produces half if the chromosomes.

Question 12

Trace the path of sperm?

Answer 12

Testes produce sperm, mature in the epididymides, stored in the vasa deferential, enters urethra.

Question 13

Name the organs of the females reproductive tract.

Answer 13

Egg that is produced by an ovary enters an oviduct, it leads to the lower end of the uterus and the cervix enters the vagina.

Question 14

Describe the uterine cycle in a non-pregnant female

Answer 14

Menstruation, proliferative phase the uterus thickens, it continues to thicken and becomes vascular, if no pregnancy the cycle begins again.

Question 15

Describe three birth control methods.

Answer 15

Oral contraceptive pills, barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), Contraceptive implant and injections.

Question 16

List the types of assistive reproductive technologies

Answer 16

Artificial Insemination by donor (AID), In Vitro fertilization ( IVF), Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT), surrogate mothers, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).