Human Biology: Test 2 (Chapters 7, 8, 10)

Question 1

What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Answer 1

The pulmonary circuit takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs while the systemic circuits takes the left ventricle and pumps oxygenated blood to body tissues.

Question 2

Trace the path of blood through the heart.

Answer 2

1) Vena cava
2) Right atrium
3) Right av valve
4) Right ventricle
5) Pulmonary arteries
6) Lungs
7) Pulmonary veins
8) Left atrium
9) Left av valve
10) Left ventricle
11) Aorta

Question 3

In what blood vessel is the blood pressure the highest? The lowest?

Answer 3

Highest in the Arteries

Lowest in the Veins

Question 4

Explain how muscle contraction has an effect on venous flow.

Answer 4

Sense there is no pulse in the veins, the muscles squeeze for blood flow.

Question 5

Describe the structure and function of red blood cells.

Answer 5

Hemoglobin helps carry oxygen

Question 6

What is the role of RBC in the blood?

Answer 6

RBC carry oxygen

Question 7

Distinguish between disorders involving RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets.

Answer 7

RBC’s can get Anemia
WBC’s can get cancer (Leukemia)
Platelets can get a clotting disorder

Question 8

For each blood type, list which blood can be given and which can be received.

Answer 8

O - Give to A, B, AB, O/ Receive from O
A - Give to A, AB/ Receive from A, O
B - Give to B, AB/ Receive from B, O
AB - Give to AB/ Receive from A, B, AB, O

Question 9

Explain what occurs in hemolytic disease of a newborn

Answer 9

Hemolytic disease occurs in newborns when the mother has -RH and carries an +RH fetus. Red blood cells are destroyed and the fetus dies.

Question 10

Describe the structure and function of the alveolus

Answer 10

The alveoli are air sacs surrounded by blood capillaries. The alveoli’s functions is gas exchange.

Question 11

What is the driving force of Gas exchange?

Answer 11

Diffusion is the driving force of gas exchange

Question 12

Describe an upper and a lower respiratory tract disorder

Answer 12

Upper respiratory - Sinus infection: Noes infection

Lower respiratory - Pneumonia: Lung infection

Question 13

What are the steps of inspiration and expiration?

Answer 13

Inspiration: Diaphragm Flattens, Rib muscles contract, lungs expand
Expiration: Muscles relax, lung size decreases, air flows out