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Extension Science YR9 > Human Biology & Ecosystems > Flashcards

Human Biology & Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the ‘Vena Cava’ carry?

A

Deoxygenated Blood

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2
Q

What does the ‘Pulmonary artery’ carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood

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3
Q

What does the ‘Pulmonary Vein’ carry?

A

Oxygenated blood

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4
Q

What does the ‘Aorta’ Carry?

A

Oxygenated Blood

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5
Q

Where does the ‘Vena Cava’ get its blood from?

A

The body

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6
Q

Where does the ‘Pulmonary artery’ get its blood from?

A

Right Ventricle

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7
Q

Where does the ‘Pulmonary vein’ get its blood from?

A

The lungs

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8
Q

Where does the ‘Aorta’ get its blood from?

A

Left Ventricle

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9
Q

The layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye are called the?

A

Rods and cones

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10
Q

The tough, clear covering over the iris and the pupil that helps protect the eye is called the?

A

Cornea

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11
Q

The dark dark circle in the centre of the eye that lets light in is called the?

A

Pupil

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12
Q

A clear fluid that helps the cornea keep its rounded shape is the?

A

Aqueous

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the medulla?

A

Manages heart, circulation and breathing

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14
Q

What is the muscle that controls how much light gets in your eye called?

A

Iris

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15
Q

A clear, flexible structure that makes an image on the eyes retina is called the?

A

Lens

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16
Q

The thick, clear jelly like substance that helps give the eye its shaped is the called the?

A

Humor

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17
Q

The thick, tough white outer covering the eyeball is?

A

Sclera

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18
Q

The colourful, shiny material located behind the retina is called the? (Hint: Found in animals with good night vision)

A

Tipetum

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19
Q

The bundle of nerve fibers that carry information from the retina to the brain is called the?

A

Optic Nerve

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20
Q

The place where the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the? (Hint: This is something a driver of a car has to check)

A

Blind spot

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21
Q

The process of transitions through particals is called?
(Hint: happens when the oxygen goes from the lung to the blood cell)

A

Diffusion

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22
Q

What links the brain to the rest of the body?

A

Spinal cord

23
Q

What part of the brain controls Personality, thinking, planning and problem solving>

A

Frontal lobe

24
Q

What part of the brain controls movement, sensations (Pain, taste, touch, ect) speed, writing and is located at the top of the brain?

A

Parietal lobe

25
Q

What is the medulla a part of?

A

The brain stem

26
Q

What controls speech, hearing and is located below the parietal lobe?

A

Temporal lobe

27
Q

What looks different to the other parts of the brain and controls movement, balance and muscles?

A

The Cerrebellum

28
Q

What is located at the back of the brain and controls memory, sight and smell?

A

Occipital lobe

29
Q

Biotic

A

Living

30
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living

31
Q

What is the 10% rule

A

The amount of energy that gets passed through each section of the pyramid starting at the producer on the bottom and the apex predator on the top

32
Q

Why is a plant green?

A

The leaves only absorb the green light from the white light

33
Q

What’ absorbs green light and is used to spilt water to release electrons?

A

Chlorophyll

34
Q

How is carbon taken out of the air?

A

Photosynthesis

35
Q

How is carbon remitted into the atmosphere?

A

Respiration / burning of fossil fuels

36
Q

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
What process is this?

A

Cellular Respiration

37
Q

What part of the plant creates Glucose and Oxygen?

A

Chloroplast

38
Q

How is carbon dioxide polluted into the air?

A

Burned up in fossil fuels such as cars, boats and planes and also respiration

39
Q

What happens to fossil fuels?

A

Burned back into Carbon

40
Q

What is a tertiary consumer?

A

The apex predator also at the top of each food wed and chain.

41
Q

What types of organisms use the suns energy to create Glucose and oxygen?

A

Producers

42
Q

What is glucose used for?

A

Energy for consumers

43
Q

What is the role of Motor neurons?

A

Carry messages from the CNS (central nervous system) to effectors

44
Q

What transmits messages between neurons in the CNS

A

Connector neurons

45
Q

What has specialised receptors which are sensitive to stimuli such as heat or light. They carry messages from CNS to cells in sense organs (Eg. eyes, ears, tongue and skin)

A

Sensory neurons include Photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, motoreceptors

46
Q

What are the two parts to the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

47
Q

What helps the immune system to fight off diseases?

A

Antibiotics and lymph nodes

48
Q

Skin, Fluids, Hair and mucous in the nose and throat, acid (In stomach) and diarrhoea all prevent pathogens from entering the body. What line of defence is this?

A

1st Line

49
Q

The affected area becomes red, hot or swollen. Damaged cells release a chemical that causes an increase of blood flow to the affected area. What line of defence is this?

A

2nd Line

50
Q

The lymphatic system is a series of vessels and capillaries that carry fluid from around your cells back to your heart. This system has parts called pled Lymph Nodes. What line of defence is this?

A

3rd Line

51
Q

Each pathogen has a specific antibody that works on it. The lymphocytes meet a particular pathogen that is infecting the body and makes antibodies that will destroy it straight away when that pathogen comes back. This makes you immune to that pathogen and you wont get it again. What line of defence is this involved in?

A

3rd Line

52
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship where one benefits and the other is not effected

A

Commensalism

53
Q

What symbiotic relationship makes both organisms benefit / are cool with one another

A

Mutualism

54
Q

Where one organism is harmed and the other benefits

A

Parasitism

Extension Science YR9 (3 decks)

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