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RADBIOLOGY > HUMAN BIOLOGY > Flashcards

HUMAN BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 principal types of molecules?

A

WATER 80%
PROTEIN 15%
LIPIDS 2%
CARBOHYDRATES 1%
NUCLEIC ACID 1%

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2
Q

The simplest and the most abundant molecular constituent in the body

A

WATER

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3
Q

80% (molecule) of human substance

A

WATER

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4
Q

Provide some form and shape

A

WATER

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5
Q

Assist in maintaining body temperature

A

WATER

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6
Q

Deliver energy to the target molecules

A

WATER

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7
Q

Contributes to RADIATION effect(type of molecule)

A

WATER

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8
Q

End product of catabolism (+CO↓2)

A

WATER

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9
Q

Enters to some biochemical reaction(molecule type)

A

WATER

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10
Q

Long chain macromolecule (molecule type)

A

PROTEIN

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11
Q

Functions as:
Hormones & Antibodies(molecule type)

A

PROTEIN

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12
Q

It is the metabolic production of proteins

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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13
Q

Used 22 amino acid

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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14
Q

A critical cellular function necessary for survival

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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15
Q

DEPENDENT TO NUCLEIC ACID

A

PROTEIN

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16
Q

Occurs in much more abundance than nucleic acid synthesis

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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17
Q

It is found in cell membrane (molecule type)

A

LIPIDS

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18
Q

Provides fuel for the body by providing energy stores

A

LIPIDS

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19
Q

Thermal insulator from the environment

A

LIPIDS

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20
Q

Can be catabolized into glucose but with great difficulty

A

LIPIDS

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21
Q

Composed of 2 kinds of smaller molecules the glycerol and fatty acids

A

LIPIDS

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22
Q

Lipids is composed of 2 kinds of smaller molecules. What are they?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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23
Q

Type of macromolecule that is present in all tissues of the body

A

LIPIDS

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24
Q

Type of macromolecule Often concentrated just under the skin

A

LIPIDS

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25
Q

Type of macromolecule that Serves as thermal insulator

A

LIPIDS

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26
Q

Also called saccharides (macromolecule type)

A

CARBOHYDRATES

27
Q

Provides fuel for cell metabolism (molecule type)

A

CARBOHYDRATES

28
Q

Provides also shape and stability

A

CARBOHYDRATES

29
Q

A simple sugar (molecule type)

A

CARBOHYDRATES

30
Q

The ultimate molecules that fuels the body

A

CARBOHYDRATES

31
Q

The rarest, very complex and very large macromolecule in the body

A

NUCLEIC ACID

32
Q

Functions: growth and development of the cell

A

NUCLEIC ACID

33
Q

2 Principals of Nucleic Acid:

A

DNA & RNA

34
Q

Important to cell metabolism (molecule type)

A

NUCLEIC ACID

35
Q

The most critical and radiosensitive target molecule

A

DNA

36
Q

The command center or control molecule for cell function

A

DNA

37
Q

Concentrated in the nucleus of the cell

A

DNA

38
Q

Contains all the hereditary information that represents a cell or whole individual (germ cell)

A

DNA

39
Q

Molecules that are involved in growth and development of a cell (protein synthesis)

A

RNA

40
Q

2 types of RNA

A

message RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)

41
Q

Location of the DNA

A

NUCLEUS

42
Q

Location of the RNA

A

CYTOPLASM

43
Q

Sugar component of DNA

A

DEOXYRIBOSE

44
Q

Sugar component of RNA

A

RIBOSE

45
Q

Base component of DNA

A

THYMINE

46
Q

Base component of RNA

A

URACIL

47
Q

Configuration of DNA

A

DOUBLE HELIX

48
Q

Configuration of RNA

A

SINGLE HELIX

49
Q

One of four different nitrogen-containing attached to each deoxyribose molecule

A

NITROGENOUS ORGANIC BASES

50
Q

four different nitrogen-containing attached to each deoxyribose molecule

A

Adenine & Guanine (Purines)
Thymine & Cytosine (Pyramidines)

51
Q

Its function is to absorb all molecular nutrients through the cell membrane

A

CELL

52
Q

Purpose: For energy production

A

CELL

53
Q

The act of a single cell or group of cells to reproduce & multiply in number

A

CELL PROLIFERATION

54
Q

General Types of Cell Proliferation

A

SOMATIC CELLS
GENETIC/GERM CELLS

55
Q

SOMATIC Cells

A

MITOSIS

56
Q

Process of somatic cell division wherein a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to parent cell

A

MITOSIS

57
Q

4 phases of Cell Cycle in Mitosis

A

INTERPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

58
Q

The period of growth of the cell between divisions

A

INTERPHASE

59
Q

The most radiosensitive phase in cell cycle

A

M PHASE

60
Q

Is the most time variable cell cycle

A

G1 PHASE

61
Q

DNA Replication occurs in

A

S Phase

62
Q

Is the next most radiosensitive phase after M PHASE

A

G1- S phase

63
Q

Is the most radioresistant cell cycle

A

LATE S PHASE

RADBIOLOGY (2 decks)

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