Human Biological Variation Flashcards
Who discovered the idea of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
allele
These are the variations that a physical characteristic can take
genotype
These are the combinations of alleles that you can receive from your parents
Phenotype
The physical characteristic that you will produce based on your genotype.
Co-dominate
Mean that you will produce both
e.g AB blood type
What are the nucleotides and their pairings?
Adenine + Thymine
Cytosine + Guanine
Chromosomes
Very long nucleotides that are connected by bases
Bases
The various patterns/sequences of bases determines that the cell ends up doing
Neutral Mutations
These differences to not help or hinder any basic survival abilities
e.g hitchhikers thumb
Negative Mutations
Generally speaking, these people do not survive to pass on their genes.
e.g heart defects
Positive Mutations
They give you an advantage but are more difficult to detect
e.g better immune systems
Polygenic Inheritance:
This is a trait affected by the result of the interaction of several genes.
They all combine to create different aspects of one characteristic
e.g skin colour or height
Intermediate expression:
This is an median between 2 homozygous genotypes
e.g tenor + bass = baritone
Modifying genes:
This is a second gene that alters the expression of the first
e.g cataracts
Regulatory genes
These initiate or block the activity of other genes
e.g the production of melanin
