Human Bio Wk 5

Question 1

The three basic functions of the nervous system are

Answer 1

sensory, integrative and motor.

Question 2

Structural Divisions of the nervous system involve the

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS) which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is made up of

Answer 3

XII pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, peripheral ganglia, receptors, etc.

Question 4

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System involves the

Answer 4

voluntary Nervous System - a.k.a. Somatic NS that controls of wilful control of skeletal muscles and conscious perception.

Question 5

The Autonomic Nervous System effects control of

Answer 5

autonomic parts of the body such as smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, most organs of the digestive/renal/respiratory system.

Question 6

Neurons are the

Answer 6

functional cells of the nervous system. They transmit impulses.

Question 7

Neuroglia cells are

Answer 7

supporting cells of the nervous system, they support the activities of neurons.

Question 8

these cells anchor neurons to blood vessels, regulate the micro-environment of neurons, and regulate transport of nutrients and wastes to and from neurons.

Answer 8

Astrocytes

Question 9

these cells are phagocytic and defend us against pathogens.

Answer 9

Microglial

Question 10

these cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord. They play a role in production, transport, and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 10

Ependymal

Question 11

these cells produce the myelin sheath in the CNS which insulates and protects axons diseases of these cells produces patchy demyleination known as Multiple Sclerosis.

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

these cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS. The myelin sheath protects and insulates axons and enables saltatory conduction.

Answer 12

Schwann cells

Question 13

In order to connect to other cells, receptors, and effectors, neurons have cytoplasmic extensions which attach to an enlarged area known as the cell body/perikaryon/soma . Within the cell body is the

Answer 13

nucleus and the neuron’s biosynthetic machinery, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nissel bodies.

Question 14

There are two basic types of cytoplasmic extensions: neurotransmitter.

Answer 14

the dendrites and the axons. Dendrites are short branching processes which receive stimuli from receptors of other neurons. A neuron may usually have only one axon, although it may branch extensively. At the end of the axon, the axon end bulbs/terminals contain the vesicles stored with a neurotransmitter. Each neuron can only produce any one

Question 15

The neuron multipolar neuron is known as such because it has many poles or processes, the dendrites and the axon. There are also

Answer 15

bipolar neurons with two processes, a dendrite and an axon, and unipolar neurons, which have only one process, classified as an axon.

Question 16

Motor/efferent neurons

Answer 16

carry a message to a muscle, gland, or other effector. They are said to be efferent, i.e. they carry the message away from the central nervous system. Whereas sensory neurons carry a message in to the CNS. They are afferent, i.e. going toward the brain or spinal cord.

Question 17

Interneuron’s a.k.a. association neuron, connecting neuron, connect

Answer 17

one neuron with another.

Question 18

The spinal cord is the

Answer 18

connection center for the reflexes as well as the afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) pathways for most of the body below the head and neck. Sensory neurons have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion.

Question 19

A group of fibers (axons) outside the CNS is called a

Answer 19

nerve.

Question 20

A group of fibers inside the CNS is called a

Answer 20

tract. The spinal tracts carry information up or down the spinal cord, to or from the brain.

Question 21

An area made up of unmyelinated neurons where cell bodies occur is called the

Answer 21

grey matter.

Question 22

White matter is an area composed of

Answer 22

myelinated fiber tracts (fibers)

Question 23

Ascending tracts are those which travel

Answer 23

toward the brain and are sensory, descending/pyramidal & extra pyramidal tracts are motor.