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Flight Instructor CASA > Human Behaviour and the Learning Process > Flashcards

Human Behaviour and the Learning Process Flashcards

PMI knowledge

1
Q

What are the levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Security
  3. Belonging
  4. Self esteem
  5. Self Actualisation
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2
Q

Characteristics of McGregor’s famous X Theory

A
  1. People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible.
  2. People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational
    objectives.
  3. People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition.
  4. People seek security above all else.
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3
Q

Characteristics of McGregor’s famous Y Theory

A
  1. Work is as natural as play and rest.
  2. People will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives (they are NOT lazy).
  3. Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.
  4. People learn to accept and seek responsibility.
  5. Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population.
  6. People have potential.
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4
Q

What are the types of defence mechanisms ?

A
  1. Repression
  2. denial
  3. compensation
  4. rationalisation
  5. fantasy
  6. projection
  7. displacement
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5
Q

What is Anxiety?

A

Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that is going to happen, typically something with an uncertain outcome.

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6
Q

Normal Reactions to stress are?

A

Responding automatically, rapidly and exactly.

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7
Q

Abnormal reactions to stress are?

A
  1. Extreme over-cooperation, painstaking self-control, inappropriate laughter or singing, and very rapid changes in emotions.
  2. Mood swings
  3. Severe anger directed toward the flight instructor, service personnel, and others.
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8
Q

Instructors should when teaching adult students…

A
  1. Provide a training syllabus
  2. Integrate new ideas with what they already know to ensure they keep and use the new information.
  3. Clarify and articulate all student expectations early on.
  4. Recognise the student’s need to control pace
  5. Use a range of teaching methods: books, programmed instruction, and computers
  6. Set a cooperative learning climate.
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9
Q

What is learning?

A

A change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience

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10
Q

What factors affect perception?

A
  1. Physical organism
  2. Goals and values
  3. Self-concept
  4. Time and opportunity
  5. Element of threat
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11
Q

What percentage of learning is sight?

A

75%

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12
Q

What percentage of learning is hearing?

A

13%

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13
Q

What is insight?

A

Insight involves the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes

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14
Q

What is understanding?

A

Understanding, is the ability to notice similarities and make associations between the facts and procedural steps learned.

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15
Q

What is concept learning?

A

Concept learning is based on the assumption that humans tend to group objects, events, ideas and people that share one or more major attributes that set them apart.

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16
Q

What are Thorndike’s Laws of Learning?

A
  1. Readiness
  2. Effect
  3. Exercise
  4. Recency
  5. Primacy
  6. Intensity
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17
Q

What is the law of readiness?

A

The basic needs of the learner must be satisfied before he or she is ready or capable of learning.

18
Q

What is the law of effect?

A

The formation of connections and responses to a situation. Responses of satisfaction are strengthened; responses followed by discomfort are weakened.

19
Q

What is the law of exercise?

A

Connections are strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued.

20
Q

What is the law of recency?

A

Things most recently learned are best remembered.

21
Q

What is the law of primacy?

A

The instructor must teach correctly the first time and the student must learn correctly the first time.

22
Q

What is the law of intensity?

A

Immediate, exciting, or dramatic learning connected to a real situation teaches a learner more than a routine or boring experience.

23
Q

What are the 3 domains of learning?

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Affective
  3. Psychomotor
24
Q

What are the 4 basic levels of learning?

A
  1. rote
  2. understanding
  3. application
  4. correlation
25
Q

What are the 6 categories within the cognitive domain?

A
  1. Recall information
  2. Understanding
  3. Application
  4. Analyse
  5. Synthesise
  6. Evaluate
26
Q

What are the 5 categories within the affective domain?

A
  1. Awareness
  2. Respond
  3. Valuing
  4. Organisation
  5. Integration
27
Q

What are the 7 categories within the psychomotor domain?

A
  1. Origination
  2. Adaptation
  3. Complex Overt Response
  4. Mechanism
  5. Guided Response
  6. Set
  7. Perception
28
Q

What are the fundamentals of learning?

A

Learning is:

  1. Purposeful
  2. a result of an experience
  3. multifaceted
  4. an active process
29
Q

What is a learning plateau?

A

Student may have reached capability limits. Student interest may have waned, or the student may need a more efficient method for increasing progress.

30
Q

What is a slip error?

A

A slip occurs when a person plans to do one thing, but then inadvertently does something else.

31
Q

What is a mistake?

A

A mistake occurs when a person plans to do the wrong thing and is successful.

32
Q

What is motivation?

A

Motivation is the reason one acts or behaves in a certain way and lies at the heart of goals.

33
Q

What are examples of intangible motivations?

A

Desires for personal comfort and security, group approval, and the achievement of a favorable self-image.

34
Q

What are examples of tangible motivations?

A

Financial gain, holidays

35
Q

What is memory?

A

Memory is the link between the student learning/ retaining information and the cognitive process of applying what is learned.

36
Q

Define sensory memory

A

Sensory memory is the part of the memory system that receives initial stimuli from the environment and processes them according to the individual’s preconceived concept of what is important.

37
Q

What is short term memory?

A

Short-term memory is the part of the memory system where information is stored for roughly 30 seconds. The goal of the STM is to put the information to immediate use.

38
Q

What is long term memory?

A

Long-term memory is relatively permanent storage of unlimited information. What is stored in LTM affects a person’s perceptions of the world and affects what
information in the environment is noticed.

39
Q

What are the different types of forgetting?

A
  1. retrieval failure
  2. fading
  3. interference
  4. repression
40
Q

What are ways of retaining learning?

A
  1. Praise Stimulates Remembering
  2. Recall Is Promoted by Association
  3. Favourable Attitudes Aid Retention
  4. Learning With All Senses Is Most Effective
  5. Meaningful Repetition Aids Recall
41
Q

What is transfer of learning?

A

The ability to apply knowledge or procedures learned in one context to new contexts.

Flight Instructor CASA (2 decks)

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