Human behavior: BPSS and Interdependence II

Question 1

The study of interactions between behavior, the nervous system, and the immune system

Answer 1

psychoneuroimmnology

**these systems reciprocally affect one another

Question 2

What are innate defenses vs adaptive defenses?

Answer 2

surface barriers and internal defenses **inflammation

vs

humoral immunity and cellular immunity (B and T cells)

Question 3

T/F: Inflammation plays a big role in chronic disease, and may be the link between the immune system, the endocrine system, and nervous system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Is there a definitive causal link between stress and immunity?

Answer 4

No, but there are many correlations

**could involve mediating variables

Question 5

T/F: Stress can delay wound healing

Answer 5

True

• *caregivers had more poor immune function and took 9 days longer to heal a wound than controls
• *wounds placed on dental students 3 days before an exam healed 40% slower

Question 6

T/F: Pain can affect immune and endocrine function

Answer 6

True

**painful stressors, surgery, and anesthetic techniques

Question 7

T/F: Use of drugs, alcohol, smoking, and nutrition can alter wound healing

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F: Distressed patients more likely to have sleep/appetite disturbances

Answer 8

True

• *deep sleep associated w release of GH
• *partial sleep loss one night can result in increased cortisol levels the next evening

Question 9

T/F: Patients with more fear/stress prior to surgery experienced greater pain, longer hospital stays, more post-op complications, poorer treatment adherence

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Personality varaibles can affect post-surgical outcomes

Answer 10

True

**optimism

Question 11

T/F: Interventions that target psychological influences can enhance surgical recovery

Answer 11

True

**pts taught about relaxation before surgery, had earlier discharge and required less morphine

Question 12

(blank) emotions (depression, anxiety, anger) can intensify a variety of health threats (cardiovascular disease, Type II DM, certain cancers, etc.) through immune dysregulation.
Production of (blank) that influence these conditions can be directly stimulated by negative emotions and stressful experiences

Answer 12

negative; proinflammatory cytokines

Question 13

T/F: Thus, distress-related immune dysregulation may be one core mechanism linking health risks associated with negative emotions to disease

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Several well-controlled prospective studies have linked depressive symptoms with coronary heard disease (CHD)

Answer 14

True

**pts w depression 4.5 x greater risk of heart attack

Question 15

T/F: Chronic depressed mood has been found to be linked to cancer risk

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Depression linked with these things

Answer 16

osteoporosis (lower bone mineral density)
declines in muscle strength
reduced rehabilitation
less compliance w diabetes

Question 17

T/F: Anxiety plays a role in the development of CHD and contributes to poorer prognosis after acute coronary events, including death and recurrent ischemic events

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F: Chronic anger and hostility also negatively impact health

Answer 18

True

**men high in hostility >2x risk of cardiovascular mortality

Question 19

Do psychosocial interventions affect immunity?

Answer 19

Yes

• *taught med students about relaxation & students had higher helper T-lymphocyte % during exams
• *relaxation in older adults increased NK cell activity

Question 20

T/F: Social isolation constitutes a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality

Answer 20

True

**just as important as risk factors like smoking, BP, obesity

Question 21

T/F: There is a link b/w social support and immune functioning

Answer 21

True

**not just amount of social support, but quality also important

Question 22

What is the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and medical disease?

Answer 22

ACE score was linked w health outcomes - adverse childhood experiences have a powerful relation to adult health
**adverse childhood experiences are more common that expected!!

Question 23

What is the relationship between ACE and ischemic heart disease?

Answer 23

the higher the number of adverse childhood experiences, the higher the risk of ischemic heart disease
**exposure to 4 or more 2x increased risk

Question 24

What mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and ischemic heart disease?

Answer 24

psychological factors

**presence of depressed affect and anger moreso than cardiac risk factors!!

Question 25

Number of adverse childhood events increases risk for what other problems?

Answer 25

obesity
smoking
injected drugs**
serious job problems

Question 26

T/F: Much of what causes time to be lost from work is actually predetermined decades earlier by the adverse experiences of childhood.

Answer 26

True