human behavior and crisis management

Question 1

these are responses that are usually found or used among animals when you instruct them to do something. For example, in an animal show, animal trainers use a whistle to elicit a specific response from an animal.

Answer 1

Automatic Cues or Fixed Action Responses

Question 2

is characterized by a long-standing pattern of a disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. It usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into their adult lives.

Answer 2

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 3

a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.

Answer 3

Anxiety

Question 4

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Answer 4

Apathy

Question 5

experience long-standing feelings of inadequacy and are extremely sensitive to what others think about them. These feelings of inadequacy leads to the person to be socially inhibited and feel socially inept. Because of these feelings of inadequacy and inhibition, the person with avoidant personality disorder will seek to avoid work, school and any activities that involve socializing or interacting with others.

Answer 5

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Question 6

(BPD) is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotions. People with borderline personality disorder are also usually very impulsive, oftentimes demonstrating self-injurious behaviors (risky sexual behaviors, cutting, suicide attempts).

Answer 6

Borderline Personality Disorder

Question 7

A sudden and irresistible force compelling a person to do some action.

Answer 7

Compulsion

Question 8

Conditions and Factors that surrounds and influences an individual that can cause certain behavior patterns.

Answer 8

1. Environment
2. Society
3. Heredity
4. Learning

Question 9

any method either physical or technical employed by the offender(s) to detect Law Enforcement involvement or the use of surveillance.

Answer 9

Counter-Surveillance

Question 10

the person(s) delivering the concessions(s), which, purports to be, that being demanded by the offenders.

Answer 10

Courier

Question 11

is intentional behavior that violates a criminal code; intentional in that it did not occurs accidentally or under duress.

Answer 11

Criminal Behavior

Question 12

a branch of psychiatry that deals with the evaluations, prevention and cure of criminal behavior.

Answer 12

Criminal Psychiatry

Question 13

a branch of psychology that deals with the study of behavior and mental processes of the criminal.

Answer 13

Criminal Psychology

Question 14

is a result of a perpetration of crime that went wrong and the criminals were trapped or cornered by law enforcers. In many cases, hostage taking is violent and unplanned.

Answer 14

Criminal Siege

Question 15

the use of communication techniques and strategies to influence a person to change his/her behavior in accordance with goals within legal, ethical and moral constraints.

Answer 15

Crisis Negotiation

Question 16

is the expert handling of a situation to reduce or eliminate danger or destruction.

Answer 16

Crisis Management

Question 17

a branch of sociology that studies about the criminal and to its relation to the social structure of organization of society as well the process on how the criminal learn the behavior, both criminal and non-criminal.

Answer 17

Criminal Sociology

Question 18

Any situation that is threatening or could threaten to harm people or property, seriously interrupt operations, damage reputation and/or negatively impact the bottom line.

Answer 18

Crisis

Question 19

focuses on studying an individual’s life in order to defuse the destructive effects of the unusual stress being experienced, and then assisting the individual in crisis to go back to his or her normal condition before the crisis.

Answer 19

Crisis Intervention

Question 20

actually communicates with the subject.

Answer 20

Primary Negotiator

Question 21

(Backup) assists the primary negotiator by offering advice, monitoring the negotiations, keeping notes, and ensuring that the Primary Negotiator sees and hears everything in the proper perspective.

Answer 21

Secondary Negotiator

Question 22

interviews individuals associated with the suspect to compile a criminal history and a history of mental illness, as well as to gather other relevant information. He is also in charge of the recordings of all conversations.

Answer 22

Intelligence Liaison/Recorder

Question 23

the most senior member of the team act as a leader. His primary responsibility is to act as a buffer between command personnel and the Negotiation Team. He/She advises the Incident/On-Scene Commander on the best negotiating strategies and co-ordinates the process with the SWAT and the forward command resources.

Answer 23

Negotiation Team Leader

Question 24

he/she maintains a visual display of all information relevant to the negotiations, i.e. deadlines,
demands and details of persons known to be in the stronghold.

Answer 24

Board Negotiator

Question 25

Crisis Negotiation Team - Composition

Answer 25

1. Primary Negotiator 2. Secondary Negotiator 3. Intelligence Liaison/Recorder 4. Negotiation Team Leader 5. Board Negotiator

Question 26

means no deal and no agreement in other words, failure of the negotiation.

Answer 26

Deadlock

Question 27

shall be conducted after each positive police action to evaluate and study operational lapses. Proper assessment of the situation is an important key to a successful operation during hostage-taking scenarios. Debriefing also assists in determining and establishing best practice.

Answer 27

Debriefing

Question 28

is a belief held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary.

Answer 28

Delusion

Question 29

is characterized by a long-standing need for the person to be taken care of and a fear of being abandoned or separated from important individuals in his or her life. This leads the person to engage in dependent and submissive behaviors that are designed to elicit care-giving behaviors in others. The dependent behavior may be see as being “clingy” or “clinging on” to others, because the person fears they can’t live their lives without the help of others.

Answer 29

Dependent Personality Disorder

Question 30

a behavior that deviates from the norms and standards of the society. It is not criminal behavior but it has the tendency to become abnormal behavior, it will become criminals when it violates the provision of the criminal law.

Answer 30

Deviant Behavior

Question 31

is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. It is where the negotiator tries to perceive the emotional state or condition of the subject and feedback a response that demonstrates his/her understanding of the subject.

Answer 31

Emphaty

Question 32

an abnormal and persistent fear of blood.

Answer 32

Hematophobia

Question 33

is characterized by a long-standing pattern of attention seeking behavior and extreme emotionality. Someone with histrionic personality disorder wants to be the center of attention in any group of people, and feel uncomfortable when they are not. While often lively, interesting and sometimes dramatic, they have difficulty when people aren’t focused exclusively on them.

Answer 33

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 34

an individual who has been held by the perpetrators against his/her will.

Answer 34

Hostage

Question 35

an individual or group of person who hold another person(s) against his/her/their will as bargaining chips for purposes of demanding certain amount of money, self-protection, thwarting any police action, or pursuing personal interest or that of the general public.

Answer 35

Hostage-taker(s)

Question 36

is a situation that set of circumstances wherein a suspected law violator is holding a person in captive by the use of force or threat of violence.

Answer 36

Hostage Taking

Question 37

short debriefing conducted by negotiating team prior to | turn over to another set of negotiating team.

Answer 37

Hot Debrief

Question 38

is refers to the manner, the way in which a human | react to his environment.

Answer 38

Human Behavior

Question 39

is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Though illusions distort reality, they are generally shared by most people.

Answer 39

Illusion

Question 40

a strong urge to do something.

Answer 40

Impulsion

Question 41

the senior officer in command of the incident.

Answer 41

Incident/On-Scene Commander

Question 42

a person who is in any advantageous position (e.g. employed by the victim or victim’s organization) which allows them to gather intelligence or carry out counter surveillance on behalf of the offenders.

Answer 42

Inside Agent

Question 43

any person authorized by the Incident/On-Scene Commander to communicate with the hostage-takers either upon the request of the latter or to facilitate smooth communication between the designated negotiators and the hostage-takers. All actions of the intermediary are supervised by the negotiators.

Answer 43

Intermediary

Question 44

an individual or group of persons who kidnapped or held another person against his/her will as bargaining chips for purposes of demanding certain amount of money, self-protection, thwarting any police action, or pursuing personal interest.

Answer 44

Kidnapper(s)

Question 45

an operant behavior which involves cognitive adaptation that enhances the human being’s ability to cope with changes in the environment and to manipulate the environment.

Answer 45

Learned

Question 46

is characterized by a long-standing pattern of grandiosity (either in fantasy or actual behavior), an overwhelming need for admiration, and usually a complete lack of empathy toward others. People with this disorder often believe they are of primary importance in everybody’s life or to anyone they meet.

Answer 46

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 47

to communicate on a matter of disagreement between two parties, with a view to first listen to the other party’s perspective and then attempt to arrive at a resolution agreed by consensus.

Answer 47

Negotiation

Question 48

a trained PNP personnel or any person authorized by the Incident/On-Scene Commander to negotiate for and in behalf of the police.

Answer 48

Negotiator

Question 49

the process of getting information from a person who knew the victim particularly in the neighborhood with the purpose of obtaining material information about the victim and probable suspect.

Answer 49

Neighborhood Check

Question 50

an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes | on a person's mind.

Answer 50

Obsession

Question 51

is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety (compulsions), or a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. Symptoms of the disorder include excessive washing or cleaning, repeated checking, extreme hoarding, preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts, relationship-related obsessions, aversion to particular numbers and nervous rituals such as opening and closing a door a certain number of times before entering or leaving a room.

Answer 51

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 52

is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.

Answer 52

Paranoid

Question 53

are generally characterized by having a long-standing pattern of pervasive distrust and auspiciousness of others. A person with paranoid personality disorder will nearly always believe that other people’s motives are suspect or even malevolent. Individuals with this disorder assume that other people will exploit, harm, or deceive them, even if no evidence exists to support this expectation.

Answer 53

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Question 54

the act of exchanging an agreed amount between the family and the kidnappers at a designated time and place for the safe release of the victim.

Answer 54

Pay-off

Question 55

is not a mental disorder. Individuals with personality disorders can function in the world to a high level, e.g. look after themselves, business, finance, etc. However, they fail to function normally in terms of their relationship with other people. They have dramatic/aggressive clusters of behavior.

Answer 55

Personality Disorder

Question 56

is the period of time prior to an incident occurring. This Phase consists of the following: a. Prediction - determination of what incident is going to occur and when it is going to occur, is the key to minimizing the effects of the incident. b. Prevention - the best way to minimize the damage done by an incident is to prevent it from occurring. Not all incidents are preventable like natural disasters. Some preventable incidents may be detected too late to prevent them. c. Preparation - 2 Forms of preparation 1. Preparation of the response designed to prevent the incident 2. Preparation for the incident.

Answer 56

Pre-Incident Phase

Question 57

is the instance in time at which the incident occurs or starts to occur if it has not been prevented.

Answer 57

incident Occurrence

Question 58

during this phase, the incident may get worse. This Phase consists of the following: a. Recognition b. Response 1. Initial Response 2. Consolidation 3. Stand down c. Recovery d. Investigation

Answer 58

Post-Occurrence Phase

Question 59

incident is likely to have a finite lifetime. Most incidents will conclude without intervention. However, without intervention the effects of the incident may be worse or the incident may last longer. This Phase Consist of the following: a. Restoration - once the incident is over, normality returns over a period of time which can take months or years for very severe incidents. b. Investigation - may be performed after the incident concludes to provide information and evidence for any hearing, inquiries and criminal prosecution. c. Post-Incident Discussion Activities - activities include immediate incident debriefs and other types of incident discussions occurring some time after the incident concludes. The aim of the debriefs is to identify areas for improvement.

Answer 59

Post-Incident Phase

Question 60

Phases of a Crisis

Answer 60

Pre-Incident Phase incident Occurrence Post-Occurrence Phase Post-Incident Phase

Question 61

is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance.

Answer 61

Phobia

Question 62

positive proof that the hostage is alive, obtained | from a reliable or verified source.

Answer 62

Proof of life

Question 63

is a mental disorder which means that individuals affected cannot function in the world adequately on a day-to-day basis. They see the world as disorder and they are desperately trying to make sense of it. They have odd/eccentric clusters of behavior and fear/terror may be their underlying emotion.

Answer 63

Psychotic (Paranoid Schizophrenic)

Question 64

Characteristics of a Psychotic Individual

Answer 64

1. Disorganized Thinking a. Delusions, false beliefs – often of persecution or grandeur despite evidence to the contrary. b. Thoughts spill out in no logical order, leaps from one idea to another. 2. Disturbed Perception - Hallucinations, all 5 senses with no known cause. 3. Inappropriate emotions/actions - Laughs at funerals, cries when others laugh, performs compulsive or senseless acts e.g. rocking, rubbing, twisting hair. 4. Socially withdrawn, aloof, detached 5. Disoriented/confused/paranoid 6. Argumentative, suspicious of others, over reacts 7. Acts peculiarly such as collecting rubbish and talking to himself/herself 8. Belief that his/here body/thoughts is controlled by external force.

Question 65

a close and harmonious relationship in which the people | concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate.

Answer 65

Rapport

Question 66

is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness.

Answer 66

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Question 67

is an individual who has no contact with reality. He/She is usually characterized by the following: a. He/She is a psychotic; b. He/She has a fundamental personality disorder; c. He/She exhibits symptoms such as hallucinations, voices, obscene language, giggling, self absorbed smile and sudden breaks in flow of thinking.

Answer 67

Schizophrenic

Question 68

term that refers to a situation during hostage | taking where the victim develops rapport and becomes sympathetic with his/her captor.

Answer 68

Stockholm Syndrome

Question 69

any location or structure, fixed or mobile, where the | hostage is being held.

Answer 69

Stronghold

Question 70

the use of communication techniques and strategies to influence a person to change behavior and reconsider his desire to commit suicide.

Answer 70

Suicide Intervention

Question 71

refers to the act of questioning or eliciting information from a suspect to produce information of tactical or operational value.

Answer 71

Tactical Interrogation

Question 72

is the most important element of hostage negotiation.

Answer 72

Time

Question 73

the person/company/organization to whom the unwarranted demand or threat is directed or intended, or is expected by the offenders to respond.

Answer 73

Victim

Question 74

the individual communicating directly with the | people making the threat(s), demand(s) or issuing instructions.

Answer 74

Victim Communicator

Question 75

the process of obtaining a detailed account of the victim’s lifestyle and personality that can assist in determining the nature of the disappearance, the risk level of the victim, and the type of person who could have committed the crime. It also includes complete information regarding the victim’s physical description, normal behavioral patterns, family dynamics and known friends and acquaintances.

Answer 75

Victimology