fire technology and arson investigation Flashcards
1
Q
4 General Categories Of Heat Energy
A
Chemical Heat Energy
Electrical Heat Energy
Mechanical Heat Energy
Nuclear Heat Energy
2
Q
a phenomenon in which a fire that has consumed all available oxygen suddenly explodes when more oxygen is made available, typically because a door or window has been opened.
A
Backdraft
3
Q
The temperature of a substance where the rate of
evaporation exceeds the rate of condensation.
A
boiling point
4
Q
(BTU) The amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of one pound of water one degree F.
A
british thermal unit
5
Q
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one
gram of water one degree Centigrade.
A
calorie
6
Q
(Celcius) On the Centigrade scale, zero is the melting
point of ice; 100 degrees is the boiling point of water.
A
centigrade
7
Q
The amount of heat generated by the combustion (oxidation) process.
A
heat of combustion
8
Q
The release of heat from decomposing compounds. These compounds may be unstable and release their heat very quickly or they may detonate.
A
heat decomposition
9
Q
The heat released by the mixture of matter in a liquid. Some acids, when dissolved, give off sufficient heat to pose exposure problems to nearby combustibles.
A
heat of solution
10
Q
The heating of an organic substance without the addition of external heat.
A
spontaneous heating
11
Q
occurs most frequently where sufficient air is not present to dissipate the heat produced. The speed of a heating reaction doubles with each 180 F (80 C) temperature increase.
A
Spontaneous Heating
12
Q
Classification of Fires
A
Class A Fire - Fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics.
Class B Fires - Fires involving flammable liquids, greases and gases.
Class C Fires - Fires involving energized electrical equipment.
Class D Fires - Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium and potassium.
Class K Fires - Class K is a new classification of fire as of 1998 and involves fires in combustible cooking fuels such as vegetable or animal fats.
13
Q
the self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a
fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along with the evolution of heat and light.
A
combustion
14
Q
method of fire extinguishment, interrupt the flame producing chemical reaction, resulting in rapid extinguishment.
A
dry chemicals and halons
15
Q
The heating that results from the action of either pulsating direct current, or alternating current at high frequency on a non-conductive material.
A
dialectric heating
16
Q
Heat released either as a high-temperature arc or as molten material from the conductor.
A
heat from arcing
17
Q
The heat generated by the discharged of thousands of volts from either earth to cloud, cloud to cloud or from cloud to ground.
A
heat generated by lightning
18
Q
The heating of materials resulting from an alternating current flow causing a magnetic field influence.
A
induction heating
19
Q
The heat resulting from imperfect or improperly insulated electrical materials. This is particularly evident where the insulation is required to handle high voltage or loads near maximum capacity.
A
Leakage Current Heating
20
Q
The heat generated by passing an electrical force through a conductor such as a wire or an appliance.
A
resistance heating
21
Q
Heat released as an arc between oppositely charged surfaces. Static electricity can be generated by the contact and separation of charged surfaces or by fluids flowing through pipes.
A
static electricity heating
22
Q
A chemical reaction where a substance
absorbs heat energy.
A
endothermic heat reaction
23
Q
A chemical reaction where a substance
gives off heat energy.
A
exothermic heat reaction
24
Q
On the Fahrenheit scale, 32 degrees is the melting point
of ice; 212 degrees is the boiling point of water.
A
Fahrenheit
25
The temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce
| vapors sufficient to support combustion once ignited. The fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
fire point
26
Oxygen, Fuel, Heat
Fire Triangle
27
(FNTI) the Institution for training on human resource development of all personnel of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP).
Fire National Training Institute
28
A gas-phased combustion.
flame
29
The percentage of a substance in air
| that will burn once it is ignited. Most substances have an upper (too rich) and a lower (too lean) flammable limit.
flamable or explosive limit
30
an instance of a fire spreading very rapidly across a gap
because of intense heat. Occurs when a room or other area becomes heated to the point where flames flash over the entire surface or area.
flash over
31
The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives
off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface. At this temperature, the ignited vapors will flash, but will not continue to burn.
flash point
32
is the material or substance being oxidized or burned in the combustion process. Material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
fuel
33
method of fire extinguishment, fire is effectively
extinguished by removing the fuel source. This may be accomplished by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by removing solid fuel in the path of the fire or allow the fire to burn until all fuel is consumed.
fuel removal
34
A condensed phased combustion.
glowing combustion
35
the quality of being hot; high temperature. A form of energy arising from the random motion of the molecules of bodies, which may be transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation.
heat
36
transfer of energy, from a hotter body to a colder one, other than by work or transfer of matter.
heating
37
The amount of heat generated by the combustion
| (oxidation) process.
heat of combustion
38
Heat Transfer
Conduction - Conduction is the transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle. Heat may be conducted from one body to another by direct contact of the two bodies or by an intervening heat-conducting medium.
Convection - is the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. Transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid.
Radiation - Electromagnetic waves that directly transport energy through space.
39
The minimum temperature to which a fuel in air
| must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion independent of the heating source.
Ignition Temperature
40
The form of energy that raises temperature. Heat is measured by the amount of work it does.
Heat
41
The release of heat from decomposing compounds.
| These compounds may be unstable and release their heat very quickly or they may detonate.
heat of decomposition
42
The heat released by the mixture of matter in a
| liquid. Some acids, when dissolved, give off sufficient heat to pose exposure problems to nearby combustibles.
heat of solution
43
The heat generated by the movement between two objects in contact with each other.
frictional heat
44
The heat generated in the form of sparks from solid objects striking each other. Most often at least one of the objects is metal.
friction sparks
45
The heat generated by the forced reduction of a gaseous volume. Diesel engines ignite fuel vapor without a spark plug by the use of this principle.
heat of compression
46
The heat generated by either the
| splitting or combining of atoms.
nuclear fission and fusion
47
The complex chemical reaction of organic material with
| oxygen or other oxidizing agents in the formation of more stable compounds.
oxidation
48
are those materials that yield oxygen or other
| oxidizing gases during the course of a chemical reaction.
oxidizing agents
49
is the reduction of the oxygen concentration to
| the fire area.
oxygen dillution
50
Phases of Fire
```
Incipient Phase (Growth Stage)
Free-Burning Phase (Fully Developed Stage)
Smoldering Phase (Decay Stage)
```
51
Products of Combustion
Fire gases
Flame
Heat
Smoke
52
is defined as the chemical decomposition of matter through the action of heat.
Pyrolysis
53
also known as thermalde composition
Pyrolysis
54
created the BFP.
RA 6975
55
administers and enforces the fire code of the Philippines. The Fire Bureau shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires and, if necessary, file the proper complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case.
BFP
56
Chief of the Fire Bureau rank is
director
57
2nd highest officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
Deputy Chief for Administration of the Fire Bureau
58
the 3rd highest officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
Deputy Chief for Operation of the Fire Bureau
59
4th highest officer in the BFP. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
Chief of Directorial Staff of the Fire Bureau
60
Directors of the Directorates in the respective national
| headquarters office rank is
Senior Superintendent.
61
The BFP shall establish, operate and maintain their respective regional offices in each of the administrative regions of the country. Rank is Senior Superintendent.
Regional Director for Fire Protection
62
He/She shall be respectively assisted by the following officers with the rank of superintendent: Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff.
Regional Director for Fire Protection
63
the heads of the NCR district offices rank is Senior Superintendent.
District Fire Marshall
64
The assistant heads of the Department's regional offices - rank
is Senior Superintendent.
65
the heads of the provincial offices rank is Superintendent.
provincial fire mashall
66
shall provide the site of the Fire Station.
LGU (local government unit)
67
at least one in every provincial capital, city and municipality.
fire station
68
this Act shall be known as the "Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Professionalization Act of 2004.
The BFP is headed by a Chief to be assisted by 2 deputy chief, 1 for administration and 1 for operation, all appointed by the President upon recommendation of DILG Secretary from among qualified officers with at least the rank of Senior Superintendent in the service.
in no case shall any officer who has retired or is retirable within six (6) months from his/her compulsory retirement age be appointed as Chief of the Fire Bureau or Chief of the Jail Bureau.
The Chief of the Fire Bureau and Chief of the Jail Bureau shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four (4) years.
The President may extend such tour of duty in times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress.
RA 9263
69
this act shall be known as the fire code of the Philippines of 2008. An Act establishing a comprehensive fire code of the Philippines repealing PD 1185 and for other purposes.
RA 9514
70
the density of liquids in relation to water.
Specific Gravity
71
The heating of an organic substance without
the addition of external heat. Spontaneous heating occurs most frequently where sufficient air is not present to dissipate the heat produced.
Spontaneous Heating
72
the density of a particular gas or vapor relative to that of hydrogen at the same pressure and temperature.
Vapor Density
73
method of extinguishing fire, cooling the fuel with water to a point where it does not produce sufficient vapor to burn.
Temperature Reduction
74
Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard.
Abatement
75
Any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such
as cotton, oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste paper, kapok, hay, straw, Spanish moss, excelsior and other similar materials commonly used in commerce.
Combustible Fiber
76
Descriptive of materials that are easily set on fire.
Combustible, Flammable or Inflammable
77
Any plastic substance, materials or compound having cellulose nitrate (nitro cellulose) as base.
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Pyroxylin)
78
A highly combustible and explosive compound produced by the reaction of nitric acid with a cellulose material.
Cellulose Nitrate or Nitro Cellulose
79
Any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to set off explosives.
Blasting Agent
80
Any person who acts as agent of the owner and ma nages the use of a building for him.
Administrator
81
Any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8 C (100 F).
Combustible Liquid
82
Any liquid which causes fire when in contact with
| organic matter or with certain chemicals.
Corrosive Liquid
83
A vertical panel of non-combustible or fire resistive
materials attached to and extending below the bottom chord of the roof trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into separate compartments so that heat and smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent.
Curtain Board
84
Descriptive of any material which by its nature or as a
| result of its reaction with other elements produces a rapid drop in temperature of the immediate surroundings.
Cryogenic
85
A normally open device installed inside an air duct system which automatically closes to restrict the passage of smoke or fire.
Damper
86
The process of first raising the temperature in separate
the more volatile from the less volatile parts and then cooling and condensing the resulting vapor so as to produce a nearly purified substance.
Distillation
87
A continuous passageway for the transmission of air.
Duct System
88
A finely powdered substance which, when mixed with air in the proper proportion and ignited will cause an explosion.
Dust
89
An extremely hot luminous bridge formed by passage of an electric current across a space between two conductors or terminals due to the incandescence of the conducting vapor.
Electrical Arc
90
A hot piece or lump that remains after a material has
| partially burned, and is still oxidizing without the manifestation of flames.
Ember
91
Materials used as final coating of a surface for ornamental or protective purposes.
Finishes
92
Any condition or act which increases or may cause an
increase in the probability of the occurrence of fire, or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or interfere with fire fighting operations and the safeguarding of life and property.
Fire Hazard
93
A fire resistive door prescribed for openings in fire
| separation walls or partitions.
Fire Door
94
Any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warm the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger of fire to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life and property and to suppress the fire.
Fire Alarm
95
A building unsafe in case of fire because it will burn
| easily or because it lacks adequate exits or fire escapes.
Fire Trap
96
The active principle of burning, characterized by the heat
| and light of combustion.
Fire
97
the portion of a roadway or public way that should be kept opened and unobstructed at all times for the expedient operation of fire fighting units.
Fire Lane
98
Any device intended for the protection of buildings or persons to include but not limited to built-in protection system such as sprinklers and other automatic extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke and combustion products and other warning system components, personal protective equipment such as fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves and other that may be put on or worn by persons to protect themselves
during fire.
Fire Protective and Fire Safety Device
99
Refers to design and installation of walls, barriers, doors, windows, vents, means of egress, etc. integral to and
incorporated into a building or structure in order to minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic before the building is evacuated.
Fire Safety Constructions
100
The minimum temperature at which any material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air.
Flash Point
101
A process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimensions.
Forcing
102
A kind of stable explosive compound which explodes by percussion.
Fulminate
103
Any act of manufacturing, fabrication, conversion, etc., that uses or produces materials which are likely to cause fires or explosion.
Hazardous Operation/Process
104
Passageway from one building to another or through or around a wall in approximately the same floor level.
Horizontal Exit
105
A box or cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment are stored and arranged for fire fighting.
Hose Box
106
A cylindrical device turning on an axis around which a
| fire hose is wound and connected.
Hose Reel
107
A rocket or liquid propellant which consist of combinations of fuels and oxidizers which ignite spontaneously on contact with each other.
Hypergolic Fuel
108
The industrial process of subjecting materials to heat for the purpose of removing solvents or moisture from the same, and/or to fuse certain chemical salts to form a uniform glazing the surface of materials being treated.
Industrial Baking and Drying
109
A piece of metal or an electrical conductor used to bypass a safety device in an electrical system.
Jumper
110
The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is
| used or intended to be used.
Occupancy
111
Any person actually occupying and using a building or portions thereof by virtue of a lease contract with the owner or administrator or by permission or sufferance of the latter.
Occupant
112
A strong oxidizing organic compound which releases oxygen readily. It causes fire when in contact with combustible materials especially under conditions of high temperature.
Organic Peroxide
113
The use of one or more electrical appliances or devices which draw or consume electrical current beyond the designed capacity of the existing electrical system.
Overloading
114
The person who holds the legal right of possession or title to a building or real property.
Owner
115
A material that readily yields oxygen in quantities sufficient to stimulate or support combustion.
Oxidizing Material
116
Type or burner where the fuel is subjected to pressure prior to discharge into the combustion chamber and/or which includes fans or other provisions for the introduction of air at above normal atmosphere pressure into the
same combustion chamber.
Pressurized Or Forced Draft Burning Equipment
117
Any building or structure where fifty (50) or more people congregate, gather, or assemble for any purpose.
Public Assembly Building
118
Any street, alley or other strip of land unobstructed from the ground to the sky, deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated for public use.
Public Way
119
Descriptive of any substance that ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
Pyrophoric
120
A process where impurities and/or deleterious materials are removed from a mixture in order to produce a pure element of compound. It shall also refer to partial distillation and electrolysis.
Refining
121
Automatic closing doors that are designed to confine smoke and heat and delay the spread of fire.
Self-Closing Doors
122
Melting or fusing of metallic ores or compounds so as to separate impurities from pure metals.
Smelting
123
An integrated network of hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure or area with outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which automatically discharges water when activated by heat or combustion products from a fire.
Sprinkler System
124
A system of vertical pipes in a building to which fire hoses can be attached on each floor, including a system by which water is made available to the outlets as needed.
Standpipe System
125
A passage hall or antechamber between the outer doors and the interior parts of a house or building.
Vestibule
126
An enclosed vertical space of passage that extends from floor to floor, as well as from the base to the top of the building.
Vertical Shaft
