human antomy Flashcards
the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts
anatomy
the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
physiology
any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
organelle
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism,
cell
any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made
tissue
a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.
organ
is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
organ system
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
organisam
he chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
metabolism
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
homeostasis
is a reaction that causes a decrease in function
negative feedback mechanisms
an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
receptor
Maintanance of relatively stable internal conditions even though external conditions constantly change
control center
an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
effector
enhances or amplifies an effect by it having an influence on the process which gave rise to it
positive feedback mechanism
The erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward, used as a reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another.
anatomical position
above somthing
superior
below something
inferior
at the front
anterior
at the back
posterior
In human and animal anatomy, three principal planes are used:
sagittal plane
maginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse plane
is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal
frontal plane
neither perpendicular nor parallel to a given line or surface
oblique plane
is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall
thoracic cavity
It contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder.
abdominal cavity
is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis
pelvic cavity
a mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum
serous membranes
the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement.
pericardial cavity
s the space that lies between the pleura, the two thin membranes that line and surround the lungs
pleural cavity
ontinuous area between the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum surrounding the abdominal organs.
peritoneal cavity
a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
mesentery
