Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > human anatomy lecture 1&2 > Flashcards

human anatomy lecture 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Anatomy studied and seen With the naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Anatomy studied with a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cytology?

A

Study of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the order of structural organization of the body?

A 
Chemical level (atom and molecules)
Organelle level (nervous ribosomes, ER)
Cellular level (erythrocytes, neuron, osteoblasts)
Tissue level (connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial tissue)
Organ level (small intestines)
Organ system level (Digestive, circulatory, reproductive)
Organism level ( stomach, heart, lungs, YOU)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The hair and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

Tendons
Aponeurosis
Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the nervous system?

A 
Sense organ (eye)
Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system 
Peripheral nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A 
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary
Thyroid
Thymus
Pancreas
Kidney
Testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart
Capillaries
Vein
Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A 
Tonsils
Cervical lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Axillary lymph nodes
Thoracic duct
Lymph vessels
Popliteal lymph node
Inguinal lymph node
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A 
Nose
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Pharynx (throat)
Bronchi
Lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the digestive system?

A 
Oral cavity (mouth)
Salivary glands
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Large intestine
Small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the reproductive system for males?

A 
Scrotum
Testis
Urethra
Prostate gland
Ductus deferens
Seminal
Vesicles
Epididymis 
Penis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the reproductive system for women?

A 
Mammary glands
Ovary
Uterus
Vagina
Uterine tube
External geniralla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is anatomical position?

A 
Standing upright
Feet parallel and flat on the floor
Head level and eyes facing forward
Arms at the side of the body
Palms face anterior
Thumbs pointed laterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anterior means

A

Closer to the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dorsal

A

Back side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ventral

A

Belly side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cranial or rostral
Head end
26
Caudal
Tail or rear end
27
Medial
Towards the midline
28
Lateral
Away from the midline
29
Superficial
On the outside
30
Deep
On the inside
31
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachement
32
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment
33
Abdominopelvic quadrants
Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
34
Radiography (x-ray)
Hard tissue
35
Computed tomography (CT scan or CAT scan)
Fancy x ray- more detailed
36
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Soft tissue
37
Sonography (ultrasound)
Look at babies
38
Angiography
Inject ink to see veins
39
Positron Emission tomography (PET)
Radioactive ink injected to see what is active, like tumors
40
Where is the pericardium?
Heart/ middle of the chest
41
Where is the pleura?
Lungs
42
What's the peritoneum?
Intestinal area/ everything below the chest
43
What is serous fluid used for and where?
Between visceral and parietal layer Reduces friction caused by moving organs
44
Inner wall of the balloon
comparable to visceral layer of a serous membrane Covers organs
45
Air in the balloon
comparable to serous cavity filled with serous fluid reduces friction by moving organs between visceral and parietal layers
46
Outer balloon
comparable to parietal layer of a serous membrane Lines the body cavity
47
What are the three prenatal periods?
``` Pre-embryonic period (1-2 weeks) Embryonic period (3-8 week) Fetal period (9-38 weeks) ```
48
What does blast mean?
Build
49
Cleavage means...
Cells multiply
50
What happens in the pre embyronic period?
1. Secondary oocyte 2. Fertilization of egg with sperm 3. Zygote starts to travel down fallopean tube 4. Cleavage- 2 cell stage, 4 cell stage cell, 8 cell stage, and then ends with morula- in uterus now 5. Blastocyst traveling to wall of uterus 6. Trophoblast (wall) of Blastocyst implants onto uterus with embryoblast (cells) inside blastocyst
51
Outer wall of blastocyst is called? | What does it become?
Trophoblast Divides into two layers, cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, and then becomes the fetal half of placenta (forms chorion and later the placenta)
52
The cells inside the blastocyst is called the? What does it become?
Embryoblast or Inner Cell Mass (ICM) | Divides into two layers/bilaminar disk, the epiblast and hypoblast. Epiblast becomes the embryo and amnion.
53
How many babies in the U.S are born with a birth defect?
Three in one hundred born with serious structural defect
54
What is the process and result of gastrulation?
Process- the cells of the epiblast migrate and form the three primary germ layers. ~Bilamaner disk forms ~Primitive streak occurs ~Cells fall through the streak to fill up below- forming three layers ~Result: formation of ectoderm (from epiblast), endoderm (from hypoblast), and mesoderm cells (middle layer) ~Embryo created
55
What are the three primary germ layers?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
56
What is the derivative of the ectoderm?
Skin and nervous tissue
57
What is the derivative of the endoderm?
Digestive and respiratory system
58
What is the derivative of the mesoderm?
Heart, muscle tissue, kidney, reproductive organs, and connective tissue
59
Describe transverse folding
Baby folds completely into a circle-> forms a tube | Goes from flat to a circle
60
Describe cephalocaudal folding
Baby folds partially-> head and feet come close together
61
What are the steps in neuralation? What layer goes through the process?
Neural plate forms Neural groove forms Neural tube forms from groove folding into a circle Folding occurs in ectoderm layer
62
What occurs during organogenesis?
Organ development follows gastrulation and body folding Upper and lower limbs form Rudimentary organ systems have developed by week 8 Embryo is approximately 1 inch long by week 8
63
What occurs during the fetal period?
Growth and maturation of existing organs
64
What is pre mature birth? How early can a baby be born and survive.
Any birth before 38 weeks 22 weeks
65
What are the primary causes for birth defects? State of the Prevalence of birth defects? What is a Teratogen?
50% of birth defect causes are Unknown Chromosomal (10%) Monogenic (8%) Major environmental (7%) Multiple factors (25 %) Teratogen- anything that causes a birth defect
66
Embryonic Period Overview (week 3-8)
``` Primitive streak forms gastrulation body folding neurulation limb buds form organogenesis ```
67
Fetal Period Overview (week 9-38)
Growth and maturation of existing organs premature birth (any before week 38) Infants can survive as early as week 22 (week 30 without life saving measures)

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions