Human Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Answer 1

STANDARD POSITIONING OF THE BODY AS STANDING; FEET TOGETHER; ARMS TO THE SIDE; WITH HEAD, EYES, AND PALMS OF HANDS FORWARD

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE ANATOMICAL PLANES

Answer 2

THERE ARE 3
CORONAL/FRONTAL
TRANSVERSE
SAGITTAL/MEDIAN

Question 3

HOW IS THE CORONAL PLANE DIVIDED

Answer 3

FRONT AND BACK DIVISION. TERMS USED ARE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR

Question 4

HOW IS THE TRANSVERSE PLANE DIVIDED

Answer 4

TOP AND BOTTOM DIVISION. TERMS USED ARE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR

Question 5

HOW IS THE SAGITTAL PLANE DIVIDED

Answer 5

LEFT AND RIGHT DIVISION

Question 6

DEFINE PROXIMAL AND DISTAL

Answer 6

PROXIMAL INDICATES A STRUCTURE IS CLOSER
DISTAL INDICATES A STRUCTURE IS FARTHER

Question 7

DEFINE MEDIAL AND LATERAL

Answer 7

MEDIAL MEANS TOWARD THE MIDLINE
LATERAL MEANS AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

Question 8

MAIN FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 8

TO PERFORM THE CRITICAL TASKS INVOLVED IN TRANSPORTING OXYGEN FROM THE ATMOSPHERE INTO THE BODYS BLOOD AND REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE BODYS CELLS.

Question 9

ALVEOLI

Answer 9

TINY AIR SACS IN THE LUNGS WHERE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE TAKES PLACE. LOOKS LIKE GRAPES. TYPE 1 ALVEOLAR CELLS MAKE UP THE ALVEOLAR WALL, TYPE 2 ALVEOLAR CELLS RELEASE A LIPOPROTEIN CALLED SURFACTANT, A SUBSTANCE THAT REDUCES THE SURFACE TENSION. THE WALLS OF ALVEOLI ARE THIN TO INCREASE THE RATE OF DIFFUSION

Question 10

TRACHEA

Answer 10

THE WINDPIPE, WHICH CONNECTS THE LARYNX TO THE LUNGS

Question 11

PATHWAY OF AIR

Answer 11

AIR ENTERS THROUGH NASAL OPENINGS, MOVES INTO THE NASAL CAVITY, AND TRAVELS PAST THE PHARYNX (THROAT) AND INTO THE TRACHEA WHICH IS A LARGE TUBE REINFORCED BY CARTILAGE RINGS THAT KEEP IT FROM COLLAPSING. AIT CONTINUES TO THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE TRACHEA; THE RIGHT AND LEFT PRIMARY BRONCHI. THE AIR IN THE RIGHT BRONCHUS CONTINUES TO THE RIGHT LUNG; THE AIR DIRECTED TO THE LEFT BRONCHUS CONTINUES TO THE LEFT LUNG

Question 12

HEART

Answer 12

MUSCULAR ORGAN THAT PUMPS BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY. LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM WHICH IS THE ARE BETWEEN THE TWO LUNGS MARGINALLY ON THE LEFT SIDE WHICH ALLOWS THE RIGHT LUNG MORE SPACE. THE RIGHT LUNG HAS THREE LOBES (SUPERIOR, MIDDLE, INFERIOR), THE LEFT LUNG HAS TWO (SUPERIOR,INFERIOR)

Question 13

PLEURA

Answer 13

EACH LUNG IS CONTAINED WITHIN A TOUGH PROTECTIVE DOUBLE MEMBRANE CALLED THE PLEURA AND CONTAINS PLEURAL FLUID

Question 14

TIDAL VOLUME

Answer 14

THE AMOUNT OF AIR BREATHED IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING A NORMAL BREATH

Question 15

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Answer 15

A SYSTEM THAT PROTECTS THE BODY FROM DISEASE CAUSING AGENTS KNOWN AS PATHOGENS BY RESPONDING TO SUBSTANCES ON THE SURFACES OF AGENTS THAT THE BODY PERCEIVES AS FOREIGN

Question 16

DIAPHRAGM

Answer 16

A MUSCLE THAT INCREASES AND DECREASES THE VOLUME IN THE LUNGS

Question 17

PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 17

IT EXCHANGES GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE AIR IN AN ENVIRONMENT