Human Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What are the three primary body planes?

Answer 1

Sagittal/Lateral
Coronal/Frontal
Axial/Transverse

Question 2

Sagittal/Lateral Plane

Answer 2

Divides the body vertically into right and left sections. It runs parallel to the midline of the body.

Question 3

Coronal/Frontal Plane

Answer 3

Divides the body vertically into front and back (anterior & posterior) sections. Runs vertically through the body at right angles to the midline.

Question 4

Transverse/Axel/Horizontal Plane

Answer 4

Divides the patient’s body into imaginary upper (superior) and lower (inferior or caudal ) halves.

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Nearer to the midline of the body.

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

The opposite of medial. It refers to structures farther away from the body’s midline, at the sides.

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Structures closer to the center of the body. The hip is proximal to the knee.

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Structures further away from the center of the body

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

structures in front

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Structures behind

Question 11

Cephalad & Cephalic

Answer 11

Towards the head

Question 12

Cranial

Answer 12

Of the skull

Question 13

Caudad

Answer 13

Towards the tail or posterior

Question 14

Caudal

Answer 14

the hindquarters

Question 15

Superior

Answer 15

Means above or closer to the head

Question 16

Inferior

Answer 16

Below or closer to the feet

Question 17

Right Hypochondriac

Answer 17

Right Kidney, liver, gallbladder, and small intestines.

Question 18

Epigastric

Answer 18

Epi= on, above stomach, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine.

Question 19

Left Hypochondriac

Answer 19

Left Kidney, spleen, pancreas and colon

Question 20

Right Lumbar

Answer 20

Ascending colon, liver, and gallbladder

Question 21

Umbilical

Answer 21

Small intestine, duodenum, umbilicus

Question 22

Left Lumbar

Answer 22

Descending Colon, left kidney

Question 23

Right Iliac

Answer 23

Cecum, appendix

Question 24

Hypogastric

Answer 24

(Hypo= below, beneath, less than normal) bladder, female internal reproductive organs, sigmoid colon.

Question 25

Left Iliac

Answer 25

Descending and sigmoid colon

Question 26

Abdominal Quadrants

Answer 26

4 Quadrants with the umbilicus at the center helping to identify the position of the organs.

Question 27

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Answer 27

Duodenum, part of the ascending and transverse colon, hepatic flexure, liver, gallbladder, pancreas (head), right kidney and right adrenal gland.

Question 28

Right Lower Quadrant( RLQ)

Answer 28

Cecum, appendix, right ureter, right fallopian tube, and right ovary

Question 29

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 29

Stomach, liver (left lobe), pancreas (body), left kidney, left adrenal gland, splenic fixture, spleen, part of transverse and descending colon.

Question 30

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Answer 30

Left ureter, left fallopian tube, left ovary, part of descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Question 31

Ventral Cavity

Answer 31

Located on the anterior aspect of the trunk and holds the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity separated by the diaphragm.

Question 32

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 32

Located above the diaphragm contains the lungs and the mediastinum which separates the cavity into a right and left compartment.

Question 33

What lies in the mediastinum of the Thoracic Cavity?

Answer 33

The heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

Question 34

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 34

Extends below the diaphragm to the pelvic floor, contains the upper abdominal cavity and the lower pelvic cavity

Question 35

What organs are located in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 35

stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, large and small intestine.

Question 36

What organs are located in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 36

Internal reproductive organs , the bladder and the distal part of the colon.]

Question 37

What are the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity lined with?

Answer 37

thin serous membranes which secrete serous fluid

Question 38

Parietal Pleura

Answer 38

The membrane lining the thoracic cavity

Question 39

Pericardial membrane

Answer 39

Lines the heart

Question 40

Peritoneal membrane

Answer 40

Lines the abdominal Cavity

Question 41

Dorsal Cavity contains

Answer 41

Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 42

Cranial cavity contains

Answer 42

Brain, 12 cranial nerves, and the pituitary gland

Question 43

What lines the cranial cavity ?

Answer 43

The meninges comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 44

What fluid cushions the dorsal cavity?

Answer 44

The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 45

What layer is connected to the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 45

the vascularized pia mater

Question 46

what is the middle layer between the dura mater and pia mater ? What does it contain

Answer 46

Arachnoid mater Connective tissue but not nerves and vessels

Question 47

Dura Mater

Answer 47

The layer that lies next to the bones and folds inward in places in the cavity and separates the brain into different compartments

Question 48

What are the two layers of the dura mater layer?

Answer 48

Endosteal layer lines the cranial bones. Meningeal layer which lines the endosteal layer within the cranium, lines the vertebral cavity.

Question 49

Vertebral Cavity

Answer 49

Contains the vertebra and the spinal cord. The meninges also closes the vertebral cavity.