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TEAS Science Study > Human Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three primary body planes?

A

Sagittal/Lateral
Coronal/Frontal
Axial/Transverse

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2
Q

Sagittal/Lateral Plane

A

Divides the body vertically into right and left sections. It runs parallel to the midline of the body.

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3
Q

Coronal/Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body vertically into front and back (anterior & posterior) sections. Runs vertically through the body at right angles to the midline.

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4
Q

Transverse/Axel/Horizontal Plane

A

Divides the patient’s body into imaginary upper (superior) and lower (inferior or caudal ) halves.

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5
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline of the body.

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6
Q

Lateral

A

The opposite of medial. It refers to structures farther away from the body’s midline, at the sides.

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Structures closer to the center of the body. The hip is proximal to the knee.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Structures further away from the center of the body

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9
Q

Anterior

A

structures in front

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Structures behind

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11
Q

Cephalad & Cephalic

A

Towards the head

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12
Q

Cranial

A

Of the skull

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13
Q

Caudad

A

Towards the tail or posterior

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14
Q

Caudal

A

the hindquarters

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15
Q

Superior

A

Means above or closer to the head

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16
Q

Inferior

A

Below or closer to the feet

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17
Q

Right Hypochondriac

A

Right Kidney, liver, gallbladder, and small intestines.

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18
Q

Epigastric

A

Epi= on, above stomach, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine.

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19
Q

Left Hypochondriac

A

Left Kidney, spleen, pancreas and colon

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20
Q

Right Lumbar

A

Ascending colon, liver, and gallbladder

21
Q

Umbilical

A

Small intestine, duodenum, umbilicus

22
Q

Left Lumbar

A

Descending Colon, left kidney

23
Q

Right Iliac

A

Cecum, appendix

24
Q

Hypogastric

A

(Hypo= below, beneath, less than normal) bladder, female internal reproductive organs, sigmoid colon.

25
Q

Left Iliac

A

Descending and sigmoid colon

26
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A

4 Quadrants with the umbilicus at the center helping to identify the position of the organs.

27
Q

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A

Duodenum, part of the ascending and transverse colon, hepatic flexure, liver, gallbladder, pancreas (head), right kidney and right adrenal gland.

28
Q

Right Lower Quadrant( RLQ)

A

Cecum, appendix, right ureter, right fallopian tube, and right ovary

29
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

Stomach, liver (left lobe), pancreas (body), left kidney, left adrenal gland, splenic fixture, spleen, part of transverse and descending colon.

30
Q

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A

Left ureter, left fallopian tube, left ovary, part of descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

31
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Located on the anterior aspect of the trunk and holds the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity separated by the diaphragm.

32
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Located above the diaphragm contains the lungs and the mediastinum which separates the cavity into a right and left compartment.

33
Q

What lies in the mediastinum of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

The heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

34
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Extends below the diaphragm to the pelvic floor, contains the upper abdominal cavity and the lower pelvic cavity

35
Q

What organs are located in the abdominal cavity?

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, large and small intestine.

36
Q

What organs are located in the pelvic cavity?

A

Internal reproductive organs , the bladder and the distal part of the colon.]

37
Q

What are the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity lined with?

A

thin serous membranes which secrete serous fluid

38
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

The membrane lining the thoracic cavity

39
Q

Pericardial membrane

A

Lines the heart

40
Q

Peritoneal membrane

A

Lines the abdominal Cavity

41
Q

Dorsal Cavity contains

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

42
Q

Cranial cavity contains

A

Brain, 12 cranial nerves, and the pituitary gland

43
Q

What lines the cranial cavity ?

A

The meninges comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

44
Q

What fluid cushions the dorsal cavity?

A

The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

What layer is connected to the brain and spinal cord?

A

the vascularized pia mater

46
Q

what is the middle layer between the dura mater and pia mater ? What does it contain

A

Arachnoid mater
Connective tissue but not nerves and vessels

47
Q

Dura Mater

A

The layer that lies next to the bones and folds inward in places in the cavity and separates the brain into different compartments

48
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater layer?

A

Endosteal layer lines the cranial bones. Meningeal layer which lines the endosteal layer within the cranium, lines the vertebral cavity.

49
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Contains the vertebra and the spinal cord. The meninges also closes the vertebral cavity.

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