Cardiovascular Flashcards
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transport oxygen
Nutrients
Hormones
Ions
Fluids
Remove metabolic waste
What happens in cellular respiration?
Glucose is burned or combined with oxygen.
Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
Cardiovascular System’s role in thermoregulation
Heat Exchange at the skin’s surface where blood vessels constrict or dilate in response to signals from the brain.
Human Body’s average temperature
98.6 degree Fahrenheit (37) degrees celsius
Role of thermoreceptors (Sensory Neurons)
To detect changes in temperature and send impulses to the hypothalamus
Role of the hypothalamus relating to the cardiovascular system
Sends signals to the effectors (the smooth muscles that surround cutaneous arterioles)
What happens if the body temperature is too warm?
The smooth muscle relaxes and the arterioles dilate.
Vasodilation
Allows more blood to flow through the capillary beds near the surface of the skin and more heat is lost to the surroundings.
What happens if the temperature is too cool?
the smooth muscle contracts and the arterioles constrict
Vasoconstriction
reduces the volume of blood that flows near the body’s surface which minimizes heat loss to the surroundings.
3 Tissue Layers of the wall of the Heart
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
protects the heart and secretes lubricating serous fluid.
Myocardium
A muscle layer contracts to pump blood
Endocardium
The innermost layer which lines the chambers and valves.
Four chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
The right “receiving” atrium
receives blood from the vena cava.
The left “receiving “ atrium
receives blood from the pulmonary veins
The right “discharging” ventricle
Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk
left “discharging” ventricle
Pumps blood into the aorta.
Tricuspid valve/ Right atrioventricular valve
Prevents backflow into the atrium when the ventricle contracts
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
prevents the return of blood into the right ventricle
Bicuspid Valve/ Mitral Valve /left AV valve
Prevents the blood from entering the left atrium when the ventricle contracts
