Human Anatomy Flashcards
Human Digestive System
Urinary Tract
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Heart
Respiratory System
Brain Lobes
Brain Structures
Identify: 1
Mouth
Oral cavity through which food and air enter the body.
Identify: 2
Palate
The roof of the mouth, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
Identify: 3
Uvula
Secretes saliva and prevents food/liquid from going up nose when swallowing.
Identify: 4
Tongue
Involved in chewing, tasting, breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
Identify: 5
Teeth
Allows food to be mechanically digested for easier passage down the esophagus.
Identify: 6
Salivary Glands
Excretes saliva.
* Digests starch through amylase enzymes.
* Breaks down fats through lingual lipase enzymes.
* Lubricates.
Identify: 7
Sublingual Gland
Smallest of three major salivary glands.
Primarily secretes mucus
Identify: 8
Submandibular Gland
Midsized of three major salivary glands.
Produces most of the saliva.
Identify: 9
Parotid Gland
Largest of three major salivary glands.
Identify: 10
Liver
Filters blood and breaks down toxins.
Produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats
Identify: 11
Gallbladder
Stores bile from the liver.
Identify: 12
Common Bile Duct
Transports bile
1. Liver
2. Gallbladder
3. Pancreas
4. Small Intestine
Identify: 13
Small Intestine
The organ primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients and water.
Identify: 14
Duodenum
- The first part of the small intestine.
- Smallest section
- Where food mixes with bile and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
Identify: 15
Jejunum
- The second part of the small intestine.
- Second largest section.
- Peristalsis (involuntary contraction of smooth muscle) is most vigorous in the Jejunum.
Identify: 16
Ileum
- Last part of the small intestine.
- Largest section.
- Specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and reabsorption of conjugated bile salts.
Identify: 17
Appendix
Vestigial organ with unclear function
Identify: 18
Anus
The opening through which stool exits the body.
Identify: 19
Pharynx
- Carries air into the respiratory system.
- Pushes food into the esophagus and ensures it isn’t breathed in.
- Equalizes pressure in the ears and drains fluid from it.
Identify: 20
Esophagus
Carries food and liquid from mouth to stomach.
Identify: 21
Stomach
- Temporarily stores food
- Contracts to mechanically break down food
- Produces enzymes to digest food
Identify: 22
Pancreas
- Releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
- Produces hormones such as insulin to regulate blood sugar.
Identify: 23
Pancreatic Duct
Carries pancreatic products from the pancreas to the duodenum (first section of the small intestine).
Identify: 24
Large Intestine
- Absorbs water and electrolytes
- Produces and absorbs vitamins
- Propels feces towards the rectum for elimination
Identify: 25
Transverse Colon
- Third of five sections of the large intestine.
- Horizontal section of the large intestine, longest and most mobile.
Identify: 26
Ascending Colon
Second of five sections of the large intestine.
Identify: 27
Cecum
The first of five sections of the large intestine following the small intestine.
Identify: 28
Descending Colon
Fourth of five sections of the large intestine.
Identify: 29
Sigmoid Colon
Last of five sections of the large intestine.
Identify: 30
Rectum
Holds feces until it is appropriate to release it.
Identify: A
Kidney (Right)
Removes waste and excess fluid from the body. Helps regulate the balance of water, salts, and minerals in the blood.
Identify: B
Ureter
Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Identify: C
Bladder
Stores and holds urine until it can be excreted.
Identify: D
Sphincter
A ring shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to regulate the excretion of feces.
Identify: E
Kidney (Left)
Removes waste and excess fluid from the body. Helps regulate the balance of water, salts, and minerals in the blood.
Identify: F
Ureter
Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Identify: G
Urethra
The tube through which urine leaves the body from the bladder.
Identify: A
Urinary Bladder
Stores and holds urine until it can be excreted.
Identify: B
Prostate Gland
Produces seminal fluid to nourish and transport sperm cells.
Identify: C
Bulbourethral Gland
Produces pre-ejaculate that cleanses and lubricates the urethra prior to semen ejaculation.
Identify: D
Erectile Tissue of Penis
Engorges with blood to stiffen penis and allow vaginal penetration in reproduction activities.
Identify: E
Vas Deferens
A coiled tube that transports sperm out of the Epididymis.
Identify: F
Epididymis
Where sperm complete maturation and are stored until ejaculation
Identify: G
Testis
Produces Sperm and synthesizes testosterone.
Identify: H
Seminal Vesicle (Behind Bladder)
Produces fluids that will turn into semen
Identify: J
Urethra
The tube through which urine leaves the body from the bladder.
Identify: K
Scrotum
- The sac in which the testes and relevant parts are contained within.
- Allows for the thermoregulation of the testicles below body temperature which is essential for sperm production.
Identify: L
Glans of Penis
- The bulbous section of the penis protected and covered by the Prepuce (foreskin).
- Lined with mucous membrane, it contains dense nerve endings.
- Primarily responsible for sexual pleasure during reproduction.
Identify: A
Ovaries
The organ in which ova (eggs) are produced.
Identify: B
Uterus
Also called a womb, it is the organ that accommodates fetal development until birth.
Identify: C
Cervix
- The passage through which sperm must travel to fertilize an egg after sexual intercourse.
- During childbirth, the cervix flattens and dilates to allow the fetus to exit the uterus.
Identify: D
Oviduct or Fallopian Tubes
The tube through which an ovum (egg) passes from an ovary to the uterus.
Identify: E
Follicles
The sacs in the ovary that house undeveloped eggs until ovulation.
Identify: F
Corpus Luteum
A temporary gland structure that secretes estrogen and progesterone to prepare the body for conception.
Identify: G
Uterine Wall
Provides a protected environment for the fetus and nourishes it, removes waste, and provides structural support.
Identify: H
Endometrium
Tissue that lines the uterus
Identify: J
Vagina
- Receives the penis during sexual intercourse.
- The exit of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during menstruation.
- Exit passage of fetus during childbirth.
Identify: A
Superior Vena Cava
A large vein that transports deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the Right Atrium.
Identify: B
Pulmonary Vein
Veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Identify: C
Right Atrium
One of four chambers of the heart.
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and transfers it to the right ventricle
Identify: D
Pulmonary Valve
Regulates flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Identify: E
Tricuspid Valve
Controls the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
Identify: F
Inferior Vena Cava
A large vein that transports deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the Right Atrium.
Identify: G
Right Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium. Pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
Identify: H
Aorta
The primary artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Identify: J
Pulmonary Artery
- The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.
- Transports blood from the heart to the lungs.
Identify: K
Pulmonary Vein
Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Identify: L
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
Identify: M
Mitral Valve
Regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Identify: N
Aortic Valve
Regulates oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the aorta artery. Ensures no back-flow.
Identify: O
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the rest of the body.
Identify: A
Pharynx
- Carries air into the respiratory system.
- Pushes food into the esophagus and ensures it isn’t breathed in.
- Equalizes pressure in the ears and drains fluid from it.
Identify: B
Larynx
- Respiratory tract
- Vocal sound production
- Prevents food and other particles from entering the respiratory system
Identify: C
Esophagus
Carries food and liquid from mouth to stomach.
Identify: D
Trachea
The passageway from the oral/nasal cavity to the lungs.
Identify: E
Right Lung
- The site of respiration, gas exchange. O2 in, CO2 out.
Identify: F
Bronchus
Distributes air throughout the lungs from the trachea.
Identify: G
Bronchiole
The narrowest airways of the lungs that carry air to alveoli (small sacs that perform gas exchange)
Identify: H
Diaphragm
A thin dome shaped muscle that creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs.
Identify: J
Nasal Cavity
Filters and moistens air before it goes into the lungs.
Identify: K
Left Lung
- The site of respiration, gas exchange. O2 in, CO2 out.
Identify: A
Cerebrum
- Conscious thought
- Memory
Identify: B
Pituitary Gland
- Part of the neuroendocrine system.
- Monitors glands and organs to regulate the secretion of hormones.
Identify: C
Spinal Cord
- Sends motor commands from the brain to the body and vice versa.
- Coordinates reflexes.
Identify: D
Diencephalon
- Relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control.
Identify: E
Hypothalamus
- Produces hormones that control body temperature, heart rate, hunger.
Identify: F
Thalamus
- All sensory information except smell is processed through the thalamus before being sent to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.
- Plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning, and memory.
Identify: G
Pineal Gland/Epithalamus
- Receives information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and conveys this information through the secretion of melatonin hormone.
Identify: H
Brainstem
- Controls breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep.
Identify: J
Midbrain
- Controls the movement of the body and functions as the channel for spinal cord sensory transmissions to the brain.
Identify: K
Pons
- Controls unconscious processes such as the sleep-wake cycle and breathing.
Identify: L
Medulla Oblongata
- controls vital processes like the heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.
Identify: M
Cerebellum
- Conscious thought
- Memory
Identify: N
Central Canal
- Transports cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which comes from the brain’s ventricular system.
Identify: A
Frontal Lobe
- Controls voluntary movement, expressive language, and manages higher level executive functions.
- Executive functions such as the capacity to plan, organize, initiate, and control one’s responses to achieve a goal.
Identify: B
Temporal Lobe
- Processes auditory information
- Encodes memory
Identify: C
Brainstem
- Relays information between the brain and the spinal cord.
- Autonomic control of heart, lungs, and the digestive system.
Identify: D
Parietal Lobe
- Processes touch sensory information and assembles input from other senses to a usable form to respond to.
Identify: E
Occipital Lobe
- Responsible for visual perception, color, form, and visual motion.
Identify: F
Cerebellum
Coordinates complex motor patterns
