Human Flashcards
what are some problems with census data
-not everyone completes it
-normadic countries are difficult to include
-remote and difficult to access settlements may be excluded
-covering all languages is challenging and expensive
-poor countries cant afford more thorough census
-ethnic tensions can influence accuracy
-wars and violence e.g. Syria
-literacy restricts access to completing forms
-suspicion on how data used e.g. North Korea
-illegal migration e.g. Mexico border to USA
describe different methods of collecting population data
-census is a survey carried out every 10years
-each householder is legally required to complete a detailed questionnaire
-householders answer other questions on their social, economic and cultural background
-civil registration of births and deaths provide an up to date count between censuses
-Scottish Household Survey is a continuous survey based on a random sample of the population
-NHS records provide health data
strategies used to improve housing in developed world city
City: Edinburgh
-new tenement style housing with security entry has been built (point)
-more affordable housing has been provided by local housing associations (point)
-increased house prices have priced original residents out of the market (explanation)
-old industrial buildings were repurposed as flats (point)
-most improvements have been in keeping with the local heritage of the area (explanation)
-improved amenities for locals have been built (point)
-a private health club and new restaurants provide employment opportunities (point)
-more wealthy people have been attracted to the area keeping up perception of the area (explanation)
strategies implemented to manage transport in developing city
City: Rio de Janeiro
-mayor announced 15year plan to develop a light rail network to replace the BRT (point) increases capacity of public transport network (explanation)
-number of cycle lanes across the city have been increased (point) creates a safe alternative to travelling by car (explanation)
-Metro Rio has extended by adding Line 4 which added 6 extra stations (point) relieves pressure on already congested route towards the CBD (explanation)
-government have invested in new toll roads (point) to help finance new road development to reduce traffic congestion (explanation)
strategies used to manage rural land degradation
Semi-arid Area
-afforestation projects provide a barrier to reduce wind erosion (point) as the tree roots bind the soil and hold it in place (point) trees take a long time to grow making this strategy long term (explanation) The Great Green Wall (eg)
-Diguettes are lines of stones placed along the contours of gently sloping land (point) to promote infiltration (point) and allows the build up of fertile topsoil (point) simple technology & involves whole community so suitable for low income countries (explanation)
-Ripple Africa (eg) is a charity which has supplied households with a fuel efficient cook stove (point)
conflicts caused by various land uses on a coastal area
Coastal Area: Dorset Coast
-traffic congestion on narrow rural roads (1) leads to high levels of noise & air pollution (1)
-tourists park on grass verges leading to erosion (1)
-tourists wander off footpaths widening them (1) & stone walls damaged by people climbing over them (1)
-litter if eaten by wildlife or livestock can harm or kill (1)
-tourists leave gates open causing farm animals to escape (1)
-tourists buying second homes pushes up prices for locals (1) & can lead to rural depopulation (1)
explain reason for migration flow
Migration Flow Studied: Poland to Scotland
PUSH FACTORS
-not enough jobs with very few opportunities (1) e.g. until 2019 the unemployment rate in Poland was high (1)
-low paying jobs result in a low standard of living (1)
PULL FACTORS
-healthcare in Scotland is free at the point of delivery (1)
-employers advertised vacancies in Poland for jobs in Scotland (1)
-until 2020 unlimited migration within the EU allowed Polish migrants to move freely (1)
strategies used to improve housing in developing world city
Developing City: Rio de Janeiro
-self help schemes use the skills of local people (point) e.g. Favela Bairro (eg)
-many houses have been connected to metered electricity (point)
-pacification introduced community police forces into some favelas (point)
improved reduce collection improves the environment (point)
-self help schemes are much more effective as it gives residents a sense of ownership (explanation) & improves community spirit through working together (explanation)
-self help schemes cheaper alternative to brand new housing areas (explanation)
-roads have been paved and given formal addresses (point)
-site and service schemes are brick homes built by the local government (point) installing pipes to provide sanitation and water supplies (point)
impact of rural land degradation
Semi-arid Area:Sahel
-loss of fertile topsoil through water or wind erosion (1) leading to the inability of the land to support vegetation (1)
-when crops fail food supply is reduced (1) leading to malnutrition and famine (1)
-rural migration into overcrowded urban areas in the south of the Sahel (1) has caused more pressure on the growth of shanty towns (1)
-conflict over land and resources as people are forced to move (1) leads to growth of large refugee camps (1) e.g. Darfur (1eg)
