hubs 3 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support, Movement, Protection, Storage, Red Blood Cell Formation
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact Bone and Cancellous (trabecular) Bone
What are the characteristics of Compact Bone?
Strong, dense, good at transmitting force in one direction
What are the characteristics of Cancellous Bone?
Light, spongy, shock-absorbing, resists and channels forces from multiple directions
What are Long Bones?
Longer than they are wide, act as levers for movement, mostly limb bones
What are Short Bones?
Close to equal width and length, mostly cancellous bone, weight bearing
What are Flat Bones?
Function for muscle attachment and protection, thin plates of compact bone
What are Irregular Bones?
Do not fit into any other category, various shapes and functions
What is the Axial Skeleton?
Bones of the core including skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx
What is the Appendicular Skeleton?
Bones of the limbs, most important for movement
What are the parts of the skull?
Cranium (encloses brain) and Facial bones (protect sensory organs)
What is the function of the Vertebral Column?
Keeps trunk upright, supports head, has divisions (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx)
What does the Rib Cage consist of?
Ribs and Sternum
What are the regions of the limbs?
Arm, Forearm, Thigh, Leg
What is the structure of the arm?
Single proximal long bone (Humerus) and two distal long bones (Ulna and Radius)
What is the structure of the leg?
Single proximal long bone (Femur) and two distal long bones (Tibia and Fibula)
Why is the human skeleton shaped as it is?
Form related to function, bipedalism requires stability and movement
What is the role of hands in locomotion?
Not involved in locomotion, adapted for manipulation of environment
How do the humerus and femur differ?
Humerus is shorter and lighter, femur has deeper articulation for stability
What is the mobility of forearms and wrists?
Pronation and supination of radius and ulna, shape of distal articulation for wrist mobility
What is the stability of legs?
No pronation/supination, stable ankle joint, robust tibia for weight bearing
What bones are in the hand?
Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), Phalanges (14, only 2 in the thumb)
What bones are in the foot?
Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14)
How do limbs attach to the axial skeleton?
Pectoral girdle (Clavicle, Scapula) and Pelvic girdle (Hip bones, Sacrum)
