hubs 2 Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis relies on regulatory mechanisms to ensure that controlled variables do not move too far from the set-point which is ‘normal’.
What is feedback in homeostasis?
When the controlled variable moves too far from the set point, responses from the body attempt to move the variable back to ‘normal’.
E.g. If you get very cold, your body will reduce blood flow to the skin to reduce heat loss, and you might also start shivering to produce heat.
What is feedforward in homeostasis?
Usually when there is an anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, so you may do something to minimize the effect.
E.g. You look outside and see it is snowing. You know that if you go outside in shorts and a t-shirt, your temperature will drop, so you dress in warm clothing before you go outside.
What does anterior mean?
Anterior means front.
What does posterior mean?
Posterior means back.
What does deep mean?
Deep means further from the surface.
What does superficial mean?
Superficial means closer to the surface.
What is the sagittal plane?
Sagittal divides the body into left and right pieces.
What is the midsagittal or median plane?
Midsagittal or median plane divides the body into mirror image left and right halves.
What is the coronal plane?
Coronal divides the body into front and back sections.
What is the transverse plane?
Transverse divides the body into top and bottom sections.
What is sagittal movement?
Sagittal movement refers to back and forward movements.
What is coronal movement?
Coronal movement refers to side to side movements.
What is transverse movement?
Transverse movement refers to rotating movements.
What is dorsiflexion?
Dorsiflexion is when toes are brought up towards the face.
What is plantarflexion?
Plantarflexion is when toes are pointing towards the ground.
What is rotation?
Rotation is around the long axis of a joint.
What are the types of rotation?
Rotation can be lateral (external) or medial (internal).
What is pronation?
Pronation is when the palm faces posterior.
What is supination?
Supination is when the palm faces anterior and forearm bones are parallel.
