HUB191 L5 Flashcards
Bone growth. Joints: tissues and structures
A cartilage model serves as a blueprint for?
bone formation
What happens in Endochondral ossification
the cartilage model primarily made of hyaline cartilage is gradually replaced by bone
Hyaline Cartilage
A type of cartilage that forms the initial skeletal model in embryos and is later replaced by bone in Endochondral ossification
Endochondral Ossification
The process by which a cartilage model is gradually replaced by bone, forming the long bones of the body
Diaphysis
The shaft or central part of a long bone
Epiphysis
The rounded ends of a long bone, which contain growth plates in growing individuals
Growth Plate (Epiphyseal Plate)
A layer of hyaline cartilage located between the epiphysis and metaphysis in growing bones. It allows bones to grow in length.
Appositional Growth
The process by which bones increase in thickness through the addition of new bone tissue to the outer surface.
What role do osteoblasts play in appositional growth?
Osteoblasts deposit new bone on the outer surface, increasing bone thickness during appositional growth.
Why do osteoclasts remove bone from the inner surface during appositional growth?
Osteoclasts resorb bone from the inner surface (endosteum) to prevent bones from becoming too heavy and to maintain the correct shape
Joint
A joint (articulation) is the point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement and support
Joint classification
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What is a fibrous joint, and where can you find one in the body?
A fibrous joint is an immovable joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue. Example: Skull sutures
Cartilaginous
A cartilaginous joint is a type of joint where bones are connected by cartilage, allowing limited movement while providing stability and shock absorption
What is the main characteristic of a synovial joint, and give an example?
A synovial joint is freely movable and has a synovial cavity filled with fluid. Example: Knee joint
Soft tissues are connective tissues that support, or surround structures in the body. The two main types related to the skeletal system are:
Cartilage – A flexible, avascular connective tissue that provides cushioning and support
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (DFCT) – Strong connective tissue with tightly packed collagen fibers, providing tensile strength
Two key types of cartilage in the joints
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
What makes cartilage different from DFCT, and where is it found?
Cartilage is flexible and avascular, found in joints, the nose, and the trachea
What is the function of dense fibrous connective tissue (DFCT), and where is it found?
DFCT provides strength and support, found in tendons and ligaments
What is the function of hyaline cartilage in joints
It reduces friction and absorbs shock. Its made of collagen fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance covering the ends of bones in synovial joints
Why is fibrocartilage stronger than hyaline cartilage, and where is it found?
It contains thick collagen fibers, making it resistant to compression. It prevents damage in the bone by dispersing surface tension. Found in intervertebral discs, menisci, and the pubic symphysis.
An articulating surface is the part of a bone that makes contact with another bone at a joint, allowing movement
Covered with hyaline (articular) cartilage in synovial joints to reduce friction and absorb shock
What makes DFCT strong, and why does it heal slowly?
It has densely packed collagen fibers for strength but poor blood supply, leading to slow healing.
Ligaments
Ligaments are strong bands of DFCT that connect bone to bone, providing stability and limiting excessive movement at joints
