Hua Evolution Test Stuff

Question 1

adaptation

Answer 1

a heritable trait or behavior in an organism that aids in its survival in its present environment

From openstax

Question 2

adaptive radiation

Answer 2

a speciation when one species radiates out to form several other species

From openstax

Question 3

allopatric speciation

Answer 3

a speciation that occurs via a geographic separation

From openstax

Question 4

analogous structure

Answer 4

a structure that is similar because of evolution in response to similar selection pressures resulting in convergent evolution, not similar because of descent from a common ancestor

From openstax

Question 5

bottleneck effect

Answer 5

the magnification of genetic drift as a result of natural events or catastrophes

From openstax

Question 6

convergent evolution

Answer 6

an evolution that results in similar forms on different species

From openstax

Question 7

dispersal

Answer 7

an allopatric speciation that occurs when a few members of a species move to a new geographical area

From openstax

Question 8

divergent evolution

Answer 8

an evolution that results in different forms in two species with a common ancestor

From openstax

Question 9

founder effect

Answer 9

a magnification of genetic drift in a small population that migrates away from a large parent population carrying with it an unrepresentative set of alleles

From openstax

Question 10

gene flow

Answer 10

the flow of alleles in and out of a population due to the migration of individuals or gametes

From openstax

Question 11

gene pool

Answer 11

all of the alleles carried by all of the individuals in the population

From openstax

Question 12

genetic drift

Answer 12

the effect of chance on a population’s gene pool

some individuals might have more offspring for example

From openstax

Question 13

homologous structure

Answer 13

a structure that is similar because of descent from a common ancestor

From openstax

Question 13

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 13

a phrase that describes the mechanism of evolution proposed by Lamarck in which traits acquired by individuals through use or disuse could be passed on to their offspring thus leading to evolutionary change in the population

From openstax

Question 14

macroevolution

Answer 14

a broader scale of evolutionary changes seen over paleontological time

From openstax

Question 15

microevolution

Answer 15

the changes in an individual’s genetic structure (i.e., allele frequency)

From openstax

Question 16

population genetics

Answer 16

the study of how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over time

From openstax

Question 16

migration

Answer 16

the movement of individuals of a population to a new location; in population genetics it refers to the movement of individuals and their alleles from one population to another, potentially changing allele frequencies in both the old and the new population

From openstax

Question 16

What is the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory?

Answer 16

change in gene pools is caused by natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift

Change in gene pools affects populations and therefore is evolution

Question 17

speciation

Answer 17

a formation of a new species

From openstax

Question 17

natural selection

Answer 17

the greater relative survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that have favorable heritable traits, leading to evolutionary change

From openstax

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle

Answer 17

absence of evolutionary forces allele frequencies will not change

things won’t evolve if nothing forces them to

From openstax

Question 17

vestigial structure

Answer 17

a physical structure present in an organism but that has no apparent function and appears to be from a functional structure in a distant ancestor

From openstax

Question 17

sympatric speciation

Answer 17

a speciation that occurs in the same geographic space ## Footnote From openstax

Question 17

variation

Answer 17

the variety of alleles in a population ## Footnote From openstax

Question 17

How did modern synthesis of evolutionary theory develope? | This is about evolution theory. Think of evolution scientist.

Answer 17

reconciliation of Darwin’s, Wallace’s, and Mendel’s thoughts on evolution and heredity. | Wallace co-discovered evolution w/ Darwin. Mendel did inheritence. ## Footnote From openstax

Question 17

From what conditions does evolution by natural selection arise?

Answer 17

conditions: individuals within a species vary, some of those variations are heritable, and organisms have more offspring than resources can support. | advantageous variations are more likely to survive and reproduce ## Footnote From openstax

Question 17

vicariance

Answer 17

an allopatric speciation that occurs when something in the environment separates organisms of the same species into separate groups ## Footnote From openstax

Question 18

# What concept did Darwin and Wallace independently discover? 1. Mutation 2. Natural selection 3. Overbreeding 4. Sexual reproduction

Answer 18

2 ## Footnote From HW

Question 18

# Which of the following will lead to natural selection? 1. The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other 2. Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other 3. Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner 4. All of the above

Answer 18

4 ## Footnote From HW

Question 18

# What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? 1. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. 2. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. 3. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. 4. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.

Answer 18

4 ## Footnote From HW

Question 18

# Population genetics is the study of ________. 1. how allele frequencies in a population change over time 2. populations of cells in an individual 3. the rate of population growth 4. how genes affect embryological development

Answer 18

1 ## Footnote From HW

Question 18

Galápagos medium ground finches are found on Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands, which are separated by about 100 km of ocean. Occasionally, individuals from either island fly to the other island to stay. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which mechanism?

Answer 18

gene flow ## Footnote From HW

Question 18

# Which pairs introduce new genetic variation into a population? 1. natural selection and genetic drift 2. mutation and gene flow 3. natural selection and gene flow 4. gene flow and genetic drift | Both have to introduce it

Answer 18

2 ## Footnote From HW

Question 19

# The wing of a bird and the arm of a human are examples of ________. 1. vestigial structures 2. molecular structures 3. homologous structures 4. analogous structures

Answer 19

3 ## Footnote From HW

Question 19

# DNA sequences being similar in closely related organisms is evidence of 1. optimal design in organisms 2. adaptation 3. mutation 4. descent with modification

Answer 19

4 ## Footnote From HW

Question 20

# Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? 1. A flood causes the formation of a new lake. 2. A storm causes several large trees to fall down. 3. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. 4. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source.

Answer 20

1 ## Footnote From HW

Question 21

# What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance? 1. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation. 2. One involves the movement of the organism, whereas the other involves a change in the environment. 3. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, whereas the other does not. 4. One involves closely related organisms, whereas the other involves only individuals of the same species.

Answer 21

2 ## Footnote From HW

Question 21

# Which variable increases the speed of allopatric speciation? 1. lower rate of mutation 2. longer distance between divided groups 3. increased instances of hybrid formation 4. equivalent numbers of individuals in each population | It's just the likelihood, it doesn't have to guarantee being faster.

Answer 21

2 ## Footnote From HW

Question 22

# The word “theory” in theory of evolution is best replaced by ________. 1. fact 2. hypothesis 3. idea 4. alternate explanation

Answer 22

1 ## Footnote From HW

Question 23

# Why are alternative scientific theories to evolution not taught? 1. more theories would confuse students 2. there are no viable scientific alternatives 3. it is against the law 4. alternative scientific theories are suppressed by the science establishment | specifically in public schools

Answer 23

2 ## Footnote From HW

Question 24

Why would blocking gene flow lead to the developement of new species?

Answer 24

It would lead to allopatric speciation ## Footnote From CW

Question 24

What conditions are needed of an equilibrium population?

Answer 24

No genes are mutated, or exchanged in species, and random mating. ## Footnote From CW

Question 24

# Which of the following is not part of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? 1. Mutations do not occur. 2. Population is large with no genetic drift. 3. Mating is random 4. Natural selection occurs.

Answer 24

4 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 24

# Eliminates individuals that have extreme or unusual traits. 1. Disruptive 2. Stabilizing 3. Directional 4. Sexual

Answer 24

2 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 25

# Favors traits that are one extreme of a range of traits. 1. Disruptive 2. Stabilizing 3. Directional 4. Sexual

Answer 25

3 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 25

# Weeds in the wild are tall, while weeds in yards are small 1. Disruptive 2. Stabilizing 3. Directional 4. Sexual

Answer 25

1 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 26

# Traits that increase a male's ability to mate. 1. Disruptive 2. Stabilizing 3. Directional 4. Sexual

Answer 26

4 | Includes male competition and female choice. ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 26

# Which of the following generates adaptations? 1. genetic drift 2. mutations 3. sexual reproduction 4. natural selection

Answer 26

2 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 27

# The appearance of a new mutation is 1. a random event 2. the result of natural selection 3. the result of sexual reproduction 4. usually a good thing

Answer 27

1 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 27

# Due to predation, the size and variance of whale population is declining 1. this is a bottleneck effect 2. definitely adaptive radiation 3. totes directional selection 4. sexy sexual reproduction is causing this | Specifically human predation and genetic variance.

Answer 27

1 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 28

# Species evolve because they have to adapt to survive. 1. True 2. False

Answer 28

2 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 28

# Offspring possess new combinations of alleles every generation. 1. this is the bottleneck effect! 2. due to crossing over & independent assortment 3. directional selection for the win 4. ADAPTIVE RADIATION BOOM

Answer 28

2 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 28

# All of the following are homologous structures EXCEPT 1. a bird wing 2. a butterfly wing 3. a human arm 4. a penguin flipper

Answer 28

2 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 29

# Which of the following is not a pre-zygotic form of isolation: 1. hybrid sterility 2. behavioral isolation 3. habitat isolation 4. mechanical isolation

Answer 29

1 ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 30

# Sharks, porpoises, and penguins have torpedo shaped bodies. Divergent or convergent?

Answer 30

Convergent ## Footnote From Kahoot

Question 31

# The eyes of squids and horses are similar in size Divergent or convergent

Answer 31

Convergent

Question 32

# An ancestral elephant gave way to the African and Indian ones. Divergent or convergent

Answer 32

Divergent