HTN and HF Flashcards

1
Q

what should be check before administering a diuretic?

A

potassium

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2
Q

what should you check before administering a beta blocker?

A

pulse and heart rate

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3
Q

angiotensin receptor blockers all end in _____?

A

-tan (losartan)

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4
Q

nitroglycerin does what?

A

decreases preload and afterload (decrease workload of the heart)

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5
Q

ACE inhibitors do what?

A

prolong life in those with HF

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6
Q

what do beta blockers end in?

A

-olol

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7
Q

beta blockers are good for treating _____?

A

early HF
HTN
Used in combo with CCB for reflex tachycardia

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8
Q

what are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Anadonia (loss of pleasure in doing things they like)
Insomnia, bizarre dreams
Bradycardia
Exercise intolerance

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9
Q

when not to give beta blockers?

A

o HR less than 60
o BP less than 90
o Heart block
o Bronchoconstriction, not so great in asthma
o Can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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10
Q

Ca channel blockers end in?

A

-pine

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11
Q

nimodipine is only used for ____?

A

subanoractoid hemorrhage

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11
Q

when do you not give a ca channel blocker?

A

do not give in HF (neg inotropic effect)

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12
Q

how do thiazide diuretics effect K?

A

they are K wasting
-too low do not give

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13
Q

when o you not give a thiazide diuretic?

A

Check potassium levels (too low does not give)
Dehydration = do not give
If BP is too low, do not give

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14
Q

thiazide diuretics should be used cautiously in those with _____?

A

o Gout
o Diabetes

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15
Q

all ace inhibitors end in?

16
Q

contraindications with ace inhibitors?

A

o Renal artery stenosis
o Pregnancy
o Dehydration

17
Q

when should you give dig?

A

give for HF and atrial dysrhythmia

18
Q

why do we give dig for HF?

A

its pos. inotropic

19
Q

why do we give dig for atrial dysrhythmia?

A

its neg. chronotropic
-increase HR

20
Q

when should be not give dig?

A

o HR less than 60
o Dig level over 2 (narrow therapeutic index)
o Heart block
o Have a low potassium (inverse relationship with k and dig)

21
Q

what are the s/sx of dig toxicity?

A

o Greenish-yellow halo vision from lights
o Nausea/vomiting
o Bradycardia

22
Q

what meds decrease preload?

A
  • Diuretics
  • Aldosterone inhibitors
  • Nitroglycerin
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARB’s
  • Nesiritide
23
Q

what meds decrease afterload?

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARB’s
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Alpha-1-blocker
24
25
what meds decrease contracility?
* Digoxin * Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
26
why are beta blockers only appropriate in the beginning of HF?
*This allows the left ventricle to fill more completely *Decrease in catecholamines *Overall, decreases left ventricular work-load
27
what are some late-stage HF meds that are combined?
* Loop diuretics * ACE inhibitors * Digoxin
28
how does dobutamine work?
Works on beta 1 (increase HR, and contractility) pos. inotropic, pos. Chronotropic
29
how is dobutamine administered?
IV
30
what is dobutamine given for?
someone who is in cardiogenic shock
31
norepi does what?
* Will increase the blood pressure * Vasoconstrictor
32
how do we treat high LDL's?
-HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor -niacin -fibrates
33
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors end in what?
-statin
34
what are side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
o Hepatotoxic o Can cause muscle aches
35
what is a side effect of niacin?
can cause flushign
36
what should not be taken with a -statin? why?
-fibrates -pt. can get muscle break down, kidneys have to filter many proteins. Pt could end up dialysis. (Rhabdomyolysis)